Slowly of expense for 1' adaptation of the lighting system
systems
previewed from the communal regulations of Civitavecchia.
Returning to the communal regulations, we think that, at first, it is better to aim at one fast solution piu'. We advise to use the second part of the regulations, inserendola in block in the new communal building regulations. In the common small case (on the whole between the 1000 and 30 000 inhabitants), potra' to renounce itself to the regulations on the lighting system to favor of the single building regulations.
Care to the expense plan, we specify that it is indispensable for I' application of the communal regulations. The adaptations of the existing systems to the norms antipollution luminous have a cost that is necessary to quantify in order to determine the total expense that the Civic Administration will have to engage in the time.
The Plan would have to be prepared from the competent communal offices for the adoption and the practical performance, what not always possible in how much some common ones do not have to disposition the necessary resources or however they need of support, date the specificita' of the argument. In the article we introduce an extract of the regarding salienti parts the triennial plan of expense that the Astrofili Association Mounts of the Tolfa has processed and introduced to the Common one of Civitavecchia in year 1997; the plan has been subsequently approved of from the CORECO (Regional audit committee) of the Lazio Region. The triennial plan of complete expense is voluminoso c therefore has not been possible pubblicarlo for entire; they have been stralciate of the parts, in particular attached 1 c 2 (description ways, schools, buildings); the expense amounts totals are those cosi officials of financed the complete plan like in February 1998 for the entire previewed amount. Who wanted to have one copy of the complete plan of prayed expense e' of richiederlo to the Commission Luminous Pollution.
We think that the expense plan is an important support for an association that it means to introduce to common of belongings regulations on the luminous emission. The economic aspect is, fundamental; as an example, it is necessary to know how much will have to spend in order to replace of the lamps or to modify a system part; inolbe doyranno to make to coincide the requirements of the astrofili with the availability financial institution of the communal cases (puù not to ask the Moon!) and in last subdividing the expense in the years (slowly pluriennale). In case in the common one an astronomical observatory is present, will give priority of expense to the participations of adaptation to execute in wraps of respect of the Observatory. The amounts indicated in the esteem of the costs can endure oscillations because of the price of the labor, of lamps c of illuminant sources used.
Slowly pluriennale of expense: general relation
Premised
The pluriennale plan of expense of exposed continuation has been desunto from attached the technical Study and economic Study of the Relationship on the state of the lighting system in the city of Civitavecchia and provisions actions to reduce the luminous pollution and the consunto energetic and from the estimated unit costs for the substitution of the lamps, luminous lampposts, globes and the variation of the inclination of the floodlights and beacons of the towers beacon.
The technical Study regards the public and private census of the acted as ones of lighting system of citta (the practicability, scholastic buildings, industrial civil buildings c) and the solution technical in order to adapt the systems to criteria antipollution lummoso.
The economic Study is instead the appraisal of the single participations of continuation adaptation second exposed how much and regards exclusively viabilita' city (both the studies can be demands to the Commission Luminous Pollution).
Esteem of the costs
The present relation holds account defle various tipologie of participation previewed in the Communal Regulations which: mere substitution of a lamp to the rnercuno with a lamp to the sodio of smaller power, substitution total of the lamppost and the lamp, correction delFinclinazione of fan elo proietton of the towers the beacon, adaptation of luminous globes is of the type to wall that of the type on pole.
For every tipologia of participation they have been estimated: - the necessary expense to the execution;
- the deriving saving (where previewed);
1) Substitution of one lamp to mercury from 250W with one to sodio from 100W (the equal difference to 150W).
to) necessary Cost analyses to the substitution:
- lamp to the sodio from 10OW £ 66000
(with U 30% of reduction in price on the list)
- lighter £ 31000
(with the 3T7, of reduction in price on the list)
- local p0wer source £ 20000
(with the 30176 of reduction in price on the list)
- additional performances for the substitution
of the lamp, of the lighter and the local p0wer source
(approximately an hour of job) £ 30000
Total unit cost £ 147000 £ 150 000 rounded off
b) Analysis of the benefits deriving from the substitution:
lpotizzando a medium gionaliera ignition of 10 hours equal to 3 650 hours annual, will be saved:
650 h x 150 500 W = 547 Wh = 547.5 kWh that is 547 kWh anno/lampada
Considering a price kWh of £ 200, we obtain a annual total saving of 109 000 Liras / lamp. Considered the saving of which over, the expense will be damped in approximately 16 months.
2) complete Substitution of a lamppost with lamp to mercury (comprehensive of lamp to the sodio, lighter and local p0wer source)
to) necessary Cost analyses to the substitution:
- complete lamppost of lighter and local p0wer source £ 350000
(with 30% of reduction in price on the list)
- lampacia to the sodio from 100W £ 66000
(with 30% of reduction in price on the list)
- additional performances for the substitution dellampione, of the lamp, the lighter and the local p0wer source (approximately two hours of job) £ 60000
Total unit cost £ 476000 £ 500000 arrototondato
b) Analysis of the benefits deriving from the substitution:
It is worth assumed how much for point 1) where a annual total saving of 109 000 lire/lampada. Considered the saving of which over, the expense will be damped in approximately four years.
3) complete Substitution of an luminous globe on pole already equipped of suitable lamp to the sodio
to) necessary Cost analyses to the substitution:
- shielded lobe £ 500000
(with 30% of reduction in price on the list)
- labor £ 60000
Total unit cost £ 560000 £ 600000 arrototondato
4) complete Substitution of an luminous globe on pole with lamp to the sodio from 100W (comprehensive of lamp to the sodio, lighter and local p0wer source)
to) necessary Cost analyses to the substitution:
- shielded globe £ 500000
(with 30% of reduction in price on the list)
- lamp to the sodio from complete 100W of lighter, and local p0wer source
(with 30% of reduction in price on list) £ 120000
- additional performances for the substitution of the lamppost, the lamp, the lighter and the wings --
mentatore (approximately two hours of job) £ 60000
Total unit cost £. 680000 £ 700000 arrototondato
5) Spin towards earth of an luminous globe to wall giA equipped of suitable lamp to the sodio
to) necessary Cost analyses to the spin:
- labor (2 hours) £ 60000
- hire car £ 90000
Total unit cost £ 150000
6) Correction inclination floodlights of one tower beacon
to) necessary Cost analyses to the correction:
- labor (4 hours) £ 120000
- hire, mobile scaffold £ 180000
Total unit cost £ 300000
Attention: a tower has been considered beacon type in how much the cost of greater incidence is that one of the sistemazione of the climb support (mobile scaffold)
7) Correction inclination floodlights towers beacon with substitution lamp to haloids from 400W with lamp to the sodio from 250W
to) necessary Cost analyses to the correction:
- labor (2 hours) £ 60000
- lamp (comprised lighter and local p0wer source) £ 200000
- hire car £ 90000
Total unit cost £ 350000
b) Analysis of the deriving benefits cialla substitution:
Floodlight is worth how much assumed for the point that is a 1) total saving annuto of 109 000 Liras /. Considered saving cii which over, the expense will be damped in approximately three years and means.
8) Correction inclination floodlights to wall
to) necessary Cost analyses to the correction:
- labor (2 hours) £ 50000
Total unit cost £ 50000
9) Substitution of a lamppost already equipped of suitable lamp to the sodio
to) necessary Cost analyses to the substitution:
- complete lamppost of lighter and local p0wer source £ 350000
(with 30% of reduction in price on the list)
- labor (approximately 2 hours of job) £ 60000
Total unit cost £ 410000
10) Correction inclination floodlights to wall with substitution lamp to haloids from 400W with lamp to the sodio from 250W
to) Analysis of the necessary costs to the substitution lamp and correction:
- labor (1 hour) £ 30000
- lamp (comprised lighter and local p0wer source) £ 200000
Total unit cost £ 230000
b) Analysis of the benefits deriving from the substitution:
It is worth assumed how much, for point 1) that is:
a annual total saving of 109 000 Liras / floodlight.
Considered, the saving of which over, the expense will be damped in approximately two.
Total esteem of the participations and relationship costs benefits
Participation 1
cost n. lamps 1000 x 150 000 £1 cad = £ 150 000 000
saving n. lamps 1000 x 109 000 £/cad
£ 109 000 000 (annual ones)
Participation 2
cost n. lampposts 64 x 500 000 £ / cad 32 000 000
saving n. lampposts 64 x 109 000 £ / cad = £ 6 976 000 (annual ones)
Participation 3
cost n. globes 0 x 600 000 and / cad = £ 0
risparmlo n. globes 0 x 109 000 £ / cad = £ 0 (annual ones)
Participation 4
cost n. globes 64 x 700 000 £ / cad = £ 44 800 000
saving n. globes 0 x 109 000 £ / cad 0 (annual ones)
Participation 5
cost n. globes 264 x 150 000 £ / cad = £ 39 600 000
saving n. globes 0 x 109 000 £ / cad 0 (annual ones)
Participation 6
cost n. towers beacon 15 x 300 000 £ / cad £ 4 500 000
saving n. towers beacon 0 x 109 000 £ / cad 0 (annual ones)
Participation 7
cost n. floodlights 15 x 350 000 £ / cad 5 250 000
saving n. floodlights 15 x 109 000 £ / cad £ 1635 000 (annual ones)
Participation the 8 (regarding only schools)
cost n. floodlights 0 x 50 000 0 cad = £ 0
saving n. floodlights 0 x 109 000 £1 cad 0 (annual ones)
Participation 9
cost n. lampposts 158 x 410 000 £/cad = £ 64 780 000
saving n. lampposts 0 x 109 000 0 cad = £ 0 (annual ones)
Participation the 10 (regarding only schools)
cost n. lamps 0 x 230 000 £ / cad = £ 0
saving n. lamps 0 x 109 000 £ / cad = £ 0 (annual ones)
NB: the participations of which to points 3, 8 c 10 have been only brought back for the acquaintance of the amount of the participation but in the specific case are previewed.
Pludennale division of the expense
The total amount of the participations has turned out of £ 340 930 000, to which necessary expenses for the adaptation of the systems of luminazione of the public schools of competence of the Common one of Civitavecchia would have to be added. To the aforesaid one irnporto it has been thought to add a quota for eventual sums to disposition for complete substitutions of fatiscenti poles, ulterior sources of illurninazioni not taken a census, etc, par to 10% of the same amount, for which the total amount it is of £ 375 023 000, to leave again in the within of the three years.
With reference to the approved of Regulations, the division of the carried out expense verrh in base to the fipologie of participation established in the same Regulations second the programmed times:
1' YEAR:
1) Substitution of all the lamps to mercury to the intemo of the zone of respect of the observatory S. Pio X; in such case it is preferred, for reasons of economic saving, to replace the entire lamppost with one shielded (TIPO 2);
2) Substitution of the lampposts already equipped of lamps to sodio with shielded lampposts and the lamps to the sodio from 100W;
3) Adaptation towers beacon, floodlights and beacons for the zone of respect with substitution lamps to haloids with lamps to sodio (TIPO 7);
4) Spin globes to wall zone of respect (TIPO 5);
5) Substitution globes on pole, zone of respect (TIPO 4);
6) Correction inclination towers beacon, beacons and floodlights (TIPO 6).
To the aim to share the expense homogenous, in the course of the first one, year it has been thought to begin the substitution of the lamps to the mercury (TIPO 1) also to outside of the respect zone.
In relation to the acquired data and the development to calculate, the total expense for sayings participations turns out of £ 109 530 000, beyond to 10% for sums to disposition, for a total of £ 120 483 000.
2 ' YEAR:
1) Substitution of the lamps to mercury (or leaves) (TIPO 1);
2) Adaptation towers beacon, floodlights and beacons with substitution lamps to haloids with lamps to sodio (TIPO 7);
3) Spin globes to wall (TIPO 5);
4) Substitution globes on pole (TIPO 4);
5) Correction inclination towers beacon, beacons and floodlights (TIPO 6).
In relation to the acquired data and the development to calculate, the total expense for sayings participations turns out of £ 116 350 000, beyond to 10% for sums to disposition, for a total of £ 127 985 000.
3 ' YEAR:
1) Completion substitution of all the lamps to the mercury (TIPO 1);
2) Adaptation towers beacon, floodlights and beacons with substitution lamps to haloids with lamps to sodio (TIPO 7).
In relation to the acquired data and the development to calculate, the total expense for sayings participations turns out of £ 115 050 000, beyond to 10% for sums to disposition, for a total of £ 126 555 000.
Conclusions
Like evince from the " total Esteem of the participations and costi/benefici relationship ", to forehead of one spold cornplessiva of £ 340 930 000, a saving of £ 117 annual 611 000 is obtained (sum of the savings deriving from the execution of participations 1, 2 and 7) which it concurs to damp the same expense in approximately three years and means with successive savings.