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\begin{document}

\LARGE

\title
{\Huge Light Pollution as a recognized Degradation of Environment}
\author{\LARGE
Jan Hollan, IDA Czech Republic}
\date{May 1, 2002}
\maketitle

\thispagestyle{empty}

Czechia had to adopt the EU rules for protection of the atmosphere. \\
The best way: a Clean Air Act including the previous and new rules.

The most visible pollution at night: by light from artificial sources. \\
To have a clean air, it should be avoided!

The idea to include the light pollution 
into the Clean Air Act came from the House of Representatives,
June 2001.

A strange idea? An excellent one!

All the backround info in Czech prepared by the astronomers, 
including the draft new articles of the law. 
A Lombardy law from 2000 as a model!

Positive reactions from the Members of the House of Representatives and
the Minister of Environment. 

The only question: how much it will cost? \\
The answer: almost nothing, if needed.

Due to lack of time, the final inclusion has been quite short,
detailed rules postponed to the Government order.

But: a definition is there, and a general obligation for
everybody to avoid pollution as much as possible:

\section*{\LARGE Act from Feb 14, 2002}

on Protection of the Atmosphere and Amendment of Some Other Acts \\
(the Clean Air Act)

   The Parliament of the Czech Republic has adopted this Act of the Czech
   Republic:

\art{Scope of regulation}

\point This Act provides
\begin{mylist}
    \item the rights and obligations of persons and the scope of
       administrative authorities in the course of protection of the
       outdoor air against input of pollutants by human activities and in
       the course of manipulating the regulated substances which damage
       the ozone layer of the Earth and manipulating the products
       containing such substances,
    \item conditions for further reduction of the amount of emitted
       pollutants affecting adversely the life and health of people and
       animals, the environment or the tangible property,
    \item tools to reduce the amount of substances affecting the
       climate system of the Earth,
    \item \emph{measures for lowering the light pollution of the air}.
\end{mylist}


\art{Principal concepts}
\point
      For the purpose of this Act in the domain of protection of the air
       it is understood by
\begin{mylist}
    \item outdoor air the tropospheric air, with exception of the
       air on workplaces designated by a special legal regulation
       and in confined space (hereinafter referred to as the ``air''),\\
       \dots

    \setcounter{enumi}{17}
    \item \emph{light pollution every form of illumination by artificial light
       which is dispersed outside the areas it is dedicated to,
       particularly, if directed above the level of horizon.}
\end{mylist}


\art{Obligations of legal and natural persons}

\point 
       \emph{
       Everybody shall be obliged to limit and prevent the air pollution}
       and reduce the quantities of pollutants specified by this Act and
       relevant implementation rules and discharged by himself/herself.

\bigskip
\bigskip

\hrule

\bigskip


Strong support within the House and the Ministry.

Opposition from some uninformed people from the lighting practice: light
pollution? What's this? We don't need any law, our outdoor lighting is
excellent already! 

However, all politicians who studied the problem a bit, came to the
conclusion: 
 A legal protection of nightttime environment is needed, 
 all the measures are no-regret ones.

(Skybeamers hated by everybody.)

The draft of the Government order is being prepared, no real argument
against the Lombardy-like rules appeared. 

More and more people are looking forward to a much better and less
polluting outdoor lighting. 

In Brno, we agree in some issues with the lighting company already. Some
adaptations will be made even before the legal enforcement.

(regulation, shielding)

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All the documents for the House and the Ministry have been public all the
time, see \h{www.astro.cz/darksky} 


\end{document}
