In the left half of the left plot, specific illuminance by a continuous row of luminaires spaced 5 heights is shown (right half is for a single luminaire). | The right plot is for a single luminaire, unrotated. |
Values below the scale are illuminance / 1 lx. This is for (unrealistic) “unit” case that luminaires would have lamps producing 1 klm only, would be point-like and just 1 m over the terrain.
# [MANUFAC] INDAL # [TEST] LVA10A229Z # [LUMINAIRE] Airtrace-2-iReflec300-FT (5.0E) # [LUMCAT] Airtrace # [DATE] 05/07/2010 11:57:47 # down given: 100% # out given: 72.4% # tilt: 0.00 # [LAMP] 1 MT 140 16500 2800 PGZ12 # Bulbs: 1, 16500 lm each # Source file: Airtrace_Airtrace-2-iReflec300-FT_-5.0E-_1_MT_140_16500_1950_PGZ12.ldt # Luminaire flux = 724 raw, for the given bulb(s) it would be 11944 lm, # 72.4 % of the bulb flux # between 75 and 90: 3.5 % of the luminaire flux # - this part causes just GLARE in case of road lighting and similar purposes # 80deg and above: max 109.4 cd / 1000 lm , 0.7 % of the luminaire flux # 90deg and above: max 1.4?cd / 1000 lm , 0.0?% of the luminaire flux # CutOff Type: IES_Semi-CutOff # Increase of Sky Luminance due to light going # from the luminaire difectly above horizon, as compared with the # luminance produced by the light dispersed from the ground: 0?% # Increase of Sky Luminance in Distant Places by light below 15.0 degrees # due to light going from the luminaire directly above horizon: 0?% # (for the zenith luminance such an angle suits places up to 19 km distance) # The increases concern the following situation: # Albedo = 0.10 # Zenith Extinction = 0.30 mag (i.e., direct light remaining 76 %) # Indicatrix type =0 (0: acc. to P.Cinzano, 4..6: CIE sky types) # (the downward-scattered part of lambertian uplight is 0.1108 then) # 62.5 deg to <67.5 deg: max 437 cd / 1000 lm, # 67.5 deg to < 76 deg: max 495 cd / 1000 lm, # maximum spec. lum. intensity 495 cd / 1000 lm # The following table gives luminous intensities which would be produced # using a hypothetic bulb giving a luminous flux of 1000 lm (i.e., cd/klm): # H: 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 90.0 95.0 100.0 105.0 110.0 115.0 120.0 125.0 130.0 135.0 140.0 145.0 150.0 155.0 160.0 165.0 170.0 175.0 180.0 185.0 190.0 195.0 200.0 205.0 210.0 215.0 220.0 225.0 230.0 235.0 240.0 245.0 250.0 255.0 260.0 265.0 270.0 275.0 280.0 285.0 290.0 295.0 300.0 305.0 310.0 315.0 320.0 325.0 330.0 335.0 340.0 345.0 350.0 355.0 #V: 0.0 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 2.0 155 155 155 156 156 157 157 157 158 158 158 158 159 159 159 159 160 159 159 159 160 159 159 159 159 158 158 158 158 157 157 157 156 156 155 155 155 154 154 153 153 152 152 151 151 151 150 150 150 150 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 150 150 150 150 151 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 4.0 156 157 158 159 160 161 161 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 165 165 164 164 163 163 162 161 161 160 159 158 157 156 155 155 153 153 152 151 150 149 148 147 147 146 146 145 145 144 144 144 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 153 155 155 6.0 160 162 163 164 166 167 168 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 173 173 173 173 173 173 173 172 172 171 171 170 170 169 168 167 166 164 163 162 160 159 157 155 154 152 151 149 148 147 145 144 143 142 141 140 140 140 139 140 140 140 141 142 143 144 145 147 148 149 151 152 154 155 157 159 8.0 164 166 168 170 172 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 180 180 181 181 181 181 181 181 181 181 181 180 180 180 179 178 177 176 175 174 172 170 168 166 164 162 160 157 155 153 151 149 147 146 143 142 140 139 138 137 136 135 135 135 136 137 138 139 140 142 143 146 147 149 151 153 155 157 160 162 10.0 167 170 173 176 178 181 183 185 186 187 187 188 189 188 188 188 189 189 189 189 189 188 188 188 189 188 187 187 186 185 183 181 178 176 173 170 167 164 162 159 156 153 151 148 146 144 141 140 138 136 134 133 132 132 131 132 132 133 134 136 138 140 141 144 146 148 151 153 156 159 162 164 12.0 171 174 178 182 185 188 191 193 194 195 196 196 197 197 197 196 196 197 197 197 196 196 197 197 197 196 196 195 194 193 191 188 185 182 178 174 171 167 164 160 157 154 151 147 145 142 140 138 135 134 132 130 129 129 128 129 129 130 132 134 135 138 140 142 145 147 151 154 157 160 164 167 14.0 175 180 185 189 193 196 199 201 203 203 204 204 204 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 204 204 204 203 203 201 199 196 193 189 185 180 175 171 166 162 158 154 150 147 143 141 138 135 133 131 130 128 127 126 125 126 127 128 130 131 133 135 138 141 143 147 150 154 158 162 166 171 16.0 181 187 193 198 202 206 208 210 210 210 210 210 209 208 208 207 208 209 210 209 208 207 208 208 209 210 210 210 210 210 208 206 202 198 193 187 181 175 170 164 159 154 150 145 142 139 136 133 131 129 128 126 125 124 123 124 125 126 128 129 131 133 136 139 142 145 150 154 159 164 170 175 18.0 187 193 200 205 210 213 214 215 215 215 215 214 213 211 211 211 212 214 215 214 212 211 211 211 213 214 215 215 215 215 214 213 210 205 200 193 187 180 173 167 160 155 149 145 140 137 134 131 129 127 126 124 122 122 121 122 122 124 126 127 129 131 134 137 140 145 149 155 160 167 173 180 20.0 189 196 202 207 212 215 216 217 217 216 216 216 215 214 213 213 216 219 222 219 216 213 213 214 215 216 216 216 217 217 216 215 212 207 202 196 189 182 175 168 161 155 149 144 139 135 132 129 127 126 124 122 121 120 119 120 121 122 124 126 127 129 132 135 139 144 149 155 161 168 175 182 22.0 189 195 200 205 209 211 213 213 214 213 214 215 216 216 216 217 221 227 232 227 221 217 216 216 216 215 214 213 214 213 213 211 209 205 200 195 189 183 176 169 161 154 148 142 138 134 130 128 126 124 123 121 119 118 117 118 119 121 123 124 126 128 130 134 138 142 148 154 161 169 176 183 24.0 189 194 198 201 203 205 206 207 208 209 211 214 218 221 222 223 228 238 245 238 228 223 222 221 218 214 211 209 208 207 206 205 203 201 198 194 189 184 178 170 161 154 147 141 136 132 129 127 124 123 121 119 117 116 116 116 117 119 121 123 124 127 129 132 136 141 147 154 161 170 178 184 26.0 188 192 195 198 199 200 201 201 203 205 209 215 222 227 231 231 238 251 261 251 238 231 231 227 222 215 209 205 203 201 201 200 199 198 195 192 188 183 178 171 162 154 146 140 135 131 128 125 123 121 119 118 116 115 114 115 116 118 119 121 123 125 128 131 135 140 146 154 162 171 178 183 28.0 186 189 193 196 197 198 198 199 201 205 211 218 228 236 241 242 248 264 278 264 248 242 241 236 228 218 211 205 201 199 198 198 197 196 193 189 186 182 178 171 163 154 146 139 134 130 126 124 122 120 118 116 114 113 113 113 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 130 134 139 146 154 163 171 178 182 30.0 183 187 191 194 196 198 199 200 203 209 216 226 237 246 251 250 256 274 290 274 256 250 251 246 237 226 216 209 203 200 199 198 196 194 191 187 183 180 176 171 164 154 145 138 133 129 125 123 121 119 116 114 113 111 111 111 113 114 116 119 121 123 125 129 133 138 145 154 164 171 176 180 32.0 183 187 191 194 198 201 204 206 210 217 227 238 246 252 256 253 258 277 293 277 258 253 256 252 246 238 227 217 210 206 204 201 198 194 191 187 183 179 175 171 163 154 145 138 132 128 125 122 119 117 115 113 111 109 108 109 111 113 115 117 119 122 125 128 132 138 145 154 163 171 175 179 34.0 186 191 197 200 204 209 213 218 223 230 240 248 252 253 253 248 251 269 284 269 251 248 253 253 252 248 240 230 223 218 213 209 204 200 197 191 186 180 175 170 163 153 145 137 131 127 123 121 118 116 114 111 109 108 107 108 109 111 114 116 118 121 123 127 131 137 145 153 163 170 175 180 36.0 187 196 205 211 215 222 229 236 242 246 250 254 252 247 242 235 235 251 265 251 235 235 242 247 252 254 250 246 242 236 229 222 215 211 205 196 187 179 174 168 160 151 143 135 130 125 122 119 117 115 113 110 108 106 105 106 108 110 113 115 117 119 122 125 130 135 143 151 160 168 174 179 38.0 186 198 210 220 231 240 249 259 264 261 255 251 244 232 222 213 212 225 236 225 212 213 222 232 244 251 255 261 264 259 249 240 231 220 210 198 186 176 169 162 154 147 140 134 129 124 120 118 115 113 111 109 107 105 105 105 107 109 111 113 115 118 120 124 129 134 140 147 154 162 169 176 40.0 184 197 212 227 245 263 277 285 285 272 251 236 226 210 196 185 182 192 201 192 182 185 196 210 226 236 251 272 285 285 277 263 245 227 212 197 184 172 164 157 151 145 140 133 128 124 119 116 113 111 109 107 106 104 103 104 106 107 109 111 113 116 119 124 128 133 140 145 151 157 164 172 42.0 187 201 216 233 258 283 301 306 295 269 237 213 200 184 168 157 153 160 165 160 153 157 168 184 200 213 237 269 295 306 301 283 258 233 216 201 187 173 163 156 150 145 140 135 128 123 118 114 111 109 107 106 104 103 102 103 104 106 107 109 111 114 118 123 128 135 140 145 150 156 163 173 44.0 194 212 231 251 277 303 319 315 287 248 210 183 170 156 141 131 126 129 132 129 126 131 141 156 170 183 210 248 287 315 319 303 277 251 231 212 194 177 165 157 151 146 142 136 129 122 116 112 109 107 105 103 102 101 100 101 102 103 105 107 109 112 116 122 129 136 142 146 151 157 165 177 46.0 201 225 249 274 303 324 327 306 264 214 174 149 139 130 118 109 105 104 105 104 105 109 118 130 139 149 174 214 264 306 327 324 303 274 249 225 201 181 167 158 152 148 144 137 130 122 115 109 105 103 101 100 98.8 97.2 96.1 97.2 98.8 100 101 103 105 109 115 122 130 137 144 148 152 158 167 181 48.0 211 240 270 299 328 339 324 282 228 177 140 121 114 110 101 92.3 87.5 85.3 84.4 85.3 87.5 92.3 101 110 114 121 140 177 228 282 324 339 328 299 270 240 211 186 169 159 153 149 145 138 130 122 114 108 102 98.5 96.3 96.2 95.1 93.9 93.3 93.9 95.1 96.2 96.3 98.5 102 108 114 122 130 138 145 149 153 159 169 186 50.0 223 259 295 327 349 345 310 248 188 146 120 103 95.3 92.0 86.2 79.8 75.9 73.0 71.7 73.0 75.9 79.8 86.2 92.0 95.3 103 120 146 188 248 310 345 349 327 295 259 223 191 171 159 153 150 146 138 130 121 114 106 99.9 95.5 92.8 91.6 90.8 89.5 89.2 89.5 90.8 91.6 92.8 95.5 99.9 106 114 121 130 138 146 150 153 159 171 191 52.0 238 283 327 357 365 341 284 211 156 126 107 94.3 84.8 79.1 74.7 70.3 67.6 65.8 64.8 65.8 67.6 70.3 74.7 79.1 84.8 94.3 107 126 156 211 284 341 365 357 327 283 238 198 173 159 153 149 145 137 128 120 112 104 97.0 91.3 88.4 86.3 84.5 82.6 81.9 82.6 84.5 86.3 88.4 91.3 97.0 104 112 120 128 137 145 149 153 159 173 198 54.0 254 312 362 388 376 324 248 178 136 114 98.8 88.6 80.4 73.5 67.4 63.3 60.8 59.7 59.2 59.7 60.8 63.3 67.4 73.5 80.4 88.6 98.8 114 136 178 248 324 376 388 362 312 254 205 174 159 152 147 142 134 126 117 109 101 92.6 86.3 81.9 79.5 77.4 74.2 71.8 74.2 77.4 79.5 81.9 86.3 92.6 101 109 117 126 134 142 147 152 159 174 205 56.0 271 340 400 419 382 301 213 155 124 106 92.5 83.5 76.7 70.2 64.1 59.7 56.7 55.1 54.3 55.1 56.7 59.7 64.1 70.2 76.7 83.5 92.5 106 124 155 213 301 382 419 400 340 271 211 175 157 149 144 138 130 122 114 105 95.6 86.5 80.1 74.8 72.4 69.1 64.8 64.1 64.8 69.1 72.4 74.8 80.1 86.5 95.6 105 114 122 130 138 144 149 157 175 211 58.0 284 362 427 441 384 276 187 140 115 99.4 87.5 79.0 72.7 67.1 61.7 56.7 53.8 51.9 51.2 51.9 53.8 56.7 61.7 67.1 72.7 79.0 87.5 99.4 115 140 187 276 384 441 427 362 284 217 175 154 146 140 134 127 118 109 98.8 89.3 80.8 73.8 68.8 65.6 60.8 57.9 56.9 57.9 60.8 65.6 68.8 73.8 80.8 89.3 98.8 109 118 127 134 140 146 154 175 217 60.0 294 375 441 445 365 246 166 129 108 93.9 83.2 74.7 68.5 63.8 59.1 53.9 50.8 48.3 47.4 48.3 50.8 53.9 59.1 63.8 68.5 74.7 83.2 93.9 108 129 166 246 365 445 441 375 294 222 175 152 144 138 130 121 111 101 91.4 82.7 75.1 68.3 63.3 58.0 54.3 51.9 51.0 51.9 54.3 58.0 63.3 68.3 75.1 82.7 91.4 101 111 121 130 138 144 152 175 222 62.0 302 385 444 425 327 215 151 120 102 89.1 79.4 71.4 65.0 60.4 56.4 51.8 47.7 44.4 43.1 44.4 47.7 51.8 56.4 60.4 65.0 71.4 79.4 89.1 102 120 151 215 327 425 444 385 302 225 175 151 143 135 125 113 103 93.2 84.8 77.1 70.1 64.1 58.5 52.9 49.2 46.9 46.3 46.9 49.2 52.9 58.5 64.1 70.1 77.1 84.8 93.2 103 113 125 135 143 151 175 225 64.0 315 398 437 391 285 190 139 112 95.5 84.3 75.5 68.1 61.6 56.5 53.4 48.7 43.8 39.9 38.5 39.9 43.8 48.7 53.4 56.5 61.6 68.1 75.5 84.3 95.5 112 139 190 285 391 437 398 315 230 177 151 141 130 116 104 94.1 86.0 78.8 71.5 65.3 59.8 54.0 48.4 44.4 42.4 41.8 42.4 44.4 48.4 54.0 59.8 65.3 71.5 78.8 86.0 94.1 104 116 130 141 151 177 230 66.0 336 419 433 357 250 171 128 104 89.4 79.4 71.4 64.4 58.4 52.9 49.3 45.3 39.4 35.2 33.7 35.2 39.4 45.3 49.3 52.9 58.4 64.4 71.4 79.4 89.4 104 128 171 250 357 433 419 336 241 179 150 135 121 107 95.9 86.9 79.7 73.1 66.1 60.4 55.4 49.5 44.3 40.0 38.0 37.5 38.0 40.0 44.3 49.5 55.4 60.4 66.1 73.1 79.7 86.9 95.9 107 121 135 150 179 241 68.0 368 453 444 338 225 154 118 96.9 83.7 74.7 67.3 60.6 54.9 49.5 44.5 40.5 34.9 30.3 28.8 30.3 34.9 40.5 44.5 49.5 54.9 60.6 67.3 74.7 83.7 96.9 118 154 225 338 444 453 368 256 181 146 127 111 97.8 88.4 80.8 74.1 67.8 61.2 55.3 50.7 45.2 40.2 35.7 33.5 33.2 33.5 35.7 40.2 45.2 50.7 55.3 61.2 67.8 74.1 80.8 88.4 97.8 111 127 146 181 256 70.0 408 495 454 317 198 137 107 89.7 78.7 70.0 62.9 56.4 51.2 46.0 40.8 34.9 29.3 25.4 24.2 25.4 29.3 34.9 40.8 46.0 51.2 56.4 62.9 70.0 78.7 89.7 107 137 198 317 454 495 408 271 177 134 112 97.1 85.7 78.2 72.7 67.3 61.6 55.4 49.8 45.3 40.2 35.5 30.9 28.7 28.6 28.7 30.9 35.5 40.2 45.3 49.8 55.4 61.6 67.3 72.7 78.2 85.7 97.1 112 134 177 271 72.0 407 489 413 258 156 115 94.2 81.1 72.3 65.0 58.2 51.9 47.2 42.4 36.8 30.4 25.0 20.4 19.5 20.4 25.0 30.4 36.8 42.4 47.2 51.9 58.2 65.0 72.3 81.1 94.2 115 156 258 413 489 407 250 138 89.4 68.7 58.0 51.8 49.7 49.3 49.4 48.2 44.9 41.1 37.4 33.8 29.3 25.7 23.4 23.2 23.4 25.7 29.3 33.8 37.4 41.1 44.9 48.2 49.4 49.3 49.7 51.8 58.0 68.7 89.4 138 250 74.0 376 432 323 169 90.5 65.3 59.4 60.2 62.0 57.7 52.0 46.9 42.7 38.2 32.6 26.5 21.0 17.2 16.2 17.2 21.0 26.5 32.6 38.2 42.7 46.9 52.0 57.7 62.0 60.2 59.4 65.3 90.5 169 323 432 376 222 105 56.9 38.3 28.7 22.9 20.2 19.5 20.3 21.4 22.0 22.5 22.2 21.0 18.8 17.0 15.2 15.2 15.2 17.0 18.8 21.0 22.2 22.5 22.0 21.4 20.3 19.5 20.2 22.9 28.7 38.3 56.9 105 222 76.0 314 341 233 111 54.8 33.4 24.7 23.4 25.9 30.1 34.4 38.0 37.1 33.2 28.0 22.5 17.4 14.2 13.5 14.2 17.4 22.5 28.0 33.2 37.1 38.0 34.4 30.1 25.9 23.4 24.7 33.4 54.8 111 233 341 314 188 84.8 43.1 28.1 20.6 15.6 12.8 10.9 9.9 9.0 7.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.0 6.9 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.7 9.0 9.9 10.9 12.8 15.6 20.6 28.1 43.1 84.8 188 78.0 214 220 144 69.5 36.3 23.3 16.6 12.7 10.1 8.2 9.1 12.7 17.7 20.7 19.8 16.6 13.2 11.3 11.0 11.3 13.2 16.6 19.8 20.7 17.7 12.7 9.1 8.2 10.1 12.7 16.6 23.3 36.3 69.5 144 220 214 133 60.4 30.1 19.7 14.7 11.2 8.9 7.5 6.7 6.3 5.3 4.2 3.6 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.6 4.2 5.3 6.3 6.7 7.5 8.9 11.2 14.7 19.7 30.1 60.4 133 80.0 109 108 70.6 37.3 21.9 15.4 11.7 9.3 7.4 5.9 4.9 4.2 3.9 4.1 5.2 6.4 6.8 6.4 6.7 6.4 6.8 6.4 5.2 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.9 5.9 7.4 9.3 11.7 15.4 21.9 37.3 70.6 108 109 72.3 35.1 18.2 12.3 9.3 7.1 5.8 5.0 4.6 4.2 3.6 2.9 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.6 4.2 4.6 5.0 5.8 7.1 9.3 12.3 18.2 35.1 72.3 82.0 41.6 41.0 28.8 17.7 12.1 9.3 7.6 6.3 5.2 4.3 3.6 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 3.1 3.6 4.3 5.2 6.3 7.6 9.3 12.1 17.7 28.8 41.0 41.6 29.5 16.3 9.5 6.9 5.3 4.2 3.6 3.1 2.7 2.4 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.1 3.6 4.2 5.3 6.9 9.5 16.3 29.5 84.0 12.6 12.6 10.1 7.7 6.2 5.3 4.5 3.9 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.5 5.3 6.2 7.7 10.1 12.6 12.6 9.6 6.5 4.6 3.7 3.1 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.5 3.1 3.7 4.6 6.5 9.6 86.0 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.2 2.7 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.2 88.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 90.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4