In the left half of the left plot, specific illuminance by a continuous row of luminaires spaced 5 heights is shown (right half is for a single luminaire). | The right plot is for a single luminaire, unrotated. |
Values below the scale are illuminance / 1 lx. This is for (unrealistic) “unit” case that luminaires would have lamps producing 1 klm only, would be point-like and just 1 m over the terrain.
# [MANUFAC] INDAL # [TEST] LVA10A227Z # [LUMINAIRE] Airtrace-2-iReflec300-FT (4.0E) # [LUMCAT] Airtrace # [DATE] 05/07/2010 10:05:51 # down given: 100% # out given: 73.0% # tilt: 0.00 # [LAMP] 1 MT 140 16500 2800 PGZ12 # Bulbs: 1, 16500 lm each # Source file: Airtrace_Airtrace-2-iReflec300-FT_-4.0E-_1_MT_140_16500_1950_PGZ12.ldt # Luminaire flux = 731 raw, for the given bulb(s) it would be 12056 lm, # 73.1 % of the bulb flux # between 75 and 90: 3.2 % of the luminaire flux # - this part causes just GLARE in case of road lighting and similar purposes # 80deg and above: max 101.4 cd / 1000 lm , 0.6 % of the luminaire flux # 90deg and above: max 1.4?cd / 1000 lm , 0.0?% of the luminaire flux # CutOff Type: IES_Semi-CutOff # Increase of Sky Luminance due to light going # from the luminaire difectly above horizon, as compared with the # luminance produced by the light dispersed from the ground: 0?% # Increase of Sky Luminance in Distant Places by light below 15.0 degrees # due to light going from the luminaire directly above horizon: 0?% # (for the zenith luminance such an angle suits places up to 19 km distance) # The increases concern the following situation: # Albedo = 0.10 # Zenith Extinction = 0.30 mag (i.e., direct light remaining 76 %) # Indicatrix type =0 (0: acc. to P.Cinzano, 4..6: CIE sky types) # (the downward-scattered part of lambertian uplight is 0.1108 then) # 62.5 deg to <67.5 deg: max 475 cd / 1000 lm, # 67.5 deg to < 76 deg: max 565 cd / 1000 lm, # maximum spec. lum. intensity 565 cd / 1000 lm # The following table gives luminous intensities which would be produced # using a hypothetic bulb giving a luminous flux of 1000 lm (i.e., cd/klm): # H: 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 90.0 95.0 100.0 105.0 110.0 115.0 120.0 125.0 130.0 135.0 140.0 145.0 150.0 155.0 160.0 165.0 170.0 175.0 180.0 185.0 190.0 195.0 200.0 205.0 210.0 215.0 220.0 225.0 230.0 235.0 240.0 245.0 250.0 255.0 260.0 265.0 270.0 275.0 280.0 285.0 290.0 295.0 300.0 305.0 310.0 315.0 320.0 325.0 330.0 335.0 340.0 345.0 350.0 355.0 #V: 0.0 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 2.0 144 144 145 145 145 146 146 147 147 147 148 148 148 148 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 148 148 148 148 147 147 147 146 146 145 145 145 144 144 143 143 142 142 141 141 140 140 140 140 139 139 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 139 139 140 140 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 4.0 145 147 147 148 149 150 150 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 154 155 155 155 155 155 155 155 154 154 154 153 153 152 152 151 150 150 149 148 147 147 145 145 144 142 141 141 140 139 138 137 137 136 135 135 135 134 133 133 133 133 133 134 135 135 135 136 137 137 138 139 140 141 141 142 144 145 6.0 148 150 152 153 154 155 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 161 161 162 162 162 161 161 161 161 160 160 159 159 158 158 157 155 154 153 152 150 148 147 146 144 142 141 140 138 137 136 135 134 133 132 131 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 140 141 142 144 146 147 8.0 152 154 156 158 160 161 163 164 166 167 167 168 168 168 168 169 169 169 169 169 169 169 168 168 168 168 167 167 166 164 163 161 160 158 156 154 152 150 148 145 143 141 140 138 137 135 134 133 131 130 129 128 127 127 127 127 127 128 129 130 131 133 134 135 137 138 140 141 143 145 148 150 10.0 154 157 160 163 165 168 170 172 174 174 176 176 177 176 177 177 177 177 177 177 177 177 177 176 177 176 176 174 174 172 170 168 165 163 160 157 154 151 149 146 143 141 139 137 136 134 133 132 131 129 128 127 126 125 125 125 126 127 128 129 131 132 133 134 136 137 139 141 143 146 149 151 12.0 157 161 164 168 171 175 178 181 183 184 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 184 183 181 178 175 171 168 164 161 157 153 150 147 143 141 139 136 135 133 132 131 130 129 128 127 125 124 124 124 125 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 135 136 139 141 143 147 150 153 14.0 160 165 170 174 179 183 187 190 192 194 196 196 196 195 195 195 194 194 195 194 194 195 195 195 196 196 196 194 192 190 187 183 179 174 170 165 160 156 152 148 144 141 138 136 134 132 131 131 130 129 128 126 125 124 123 124 125 126 128 129 130 131 131 132 134 136 138 141 144 148 152 156 16.0 165 171 177 182 188 193 197 201 203 205 206 207 206 205 205 204 203 203 204 203 203 204 205 205 206 207 206 205 203 201 197 193 188 182 177 171 165 159 154 149 145 141 138 135 133 131 130 129 128 127 127 125 123 122 122 122 123 125 127 127 128 129 130 131 133 135 138 141 145 149 154 159 18.0 169 177 184 191 198 204 208 211 213 215 216 216 215 213 212 212 211 211 212 211 211 212 212 213 215 216 216 215 213 211 208 204 198 191 184 177 169 163 157 151 146 141 138 135 132 130 128 127 126 125 125 123 122 121 120 121 122 123 125 125 126 127 128 130 132 135 138 141 146 151 157 163 20.0 173 181 189 197 205 211 217 220 222 223 224 223 222 220 219 218 217 217 218 217 217 218 219 220 222 223 224 223 222 220 217 211 205 197 189 181 173 165 159 152 146 141 138 134 131 129 127 125 124 124 123 121 120 119 118 119 120 121 123 124 124 125 127 129 131 134 138 141 146 152 159 165 22.0 176 184 191 198 206 213 219 224 227 228 228 228 227 224 222 222 221 223 224 223 221 222 222 224 227 228 228 228 227 224 219 213 206 198 191 184 176 168 160 153 147 141 137 133 130 127 126 124 123 122 121 120 118 117 117 117 118 120 121 122 123 124 126 127 130 133 137 141 147 153 160 168 24.0 178 186 192 198 203 210 216 220 224 226 227 228 228 227 225 224 223 227 230 227 223 224 225 227 228 228 227 226 224 220 216 210 203 198 192 186 178 171 163 155 148 142 137 132 129 126 124 123 121 120 119 118 116 115 115 115 116 118 119 120 121 123 124 126 129 132 137 142 148 155 163 171 26.0 180 186 192 197 201 206 211 214 218 220 222 224 227 228 228 225 226 232 236 232 226 225 228 228 227 224 222 220 218 214 211 206 201 197 192 186 180 173 166 158 149 143 137 132 128 125 123 121 120 119 118 116 114 113 113 113 114 116 118 119 120 121 123 125 128 132 137 143 149 158 166 173 28.0 180 186 191 196 200 204 207 209 211 213 216 219 225 229 230 228 229 237 245 237 229 228 230 229 225 219 216 213 211 209 207 204 200 196 191 186 180 174 168 160 152 143 137 131 127 124 122 120 119 117 115 114 112 111 111 111 112 114 115 117 119 120 122 124 127 131 137 143 152 160 168 174 30.0 180 185 190 195 200 204 206 206 206 208 211 216 224 231 235 234 234 245 256 245 234 234 235 231 224 216 211 208 206 206 206 204 200 195 190 185 180 175 170 162 153 144 136 130 126 123 121 119 117 115 113 111 110 109 109 109 110 111 113 115 117 119 121 123 126 130 136 144 153 162 170 175 32.0 179 184 189 194 199 204 207 207 205 206 212 218 227 236 242 241 241 254 268 254 241 241 242 236 227 218 212 206 205 207 207 204 199 194 189 184 179 175 170 163 154 144 136 129 125 122 120 118 116 114 112 110 108 107 106 107 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 125 129 136 144 154 163 170 175 34.0 179 184 190 196 201 207 211 211 210 211 217 225 234 243 249 248 248 263 279 263 248 248 249 243 234 225 217 211 210 211 211 207 201 196 190 184 179 174 169 162 153 143 135 129 124 121 119 116 114 112 110 108 106 105 105 105 106 108 110 112 114 116 119 121 124 129 135 143 153 162 169 174 36.0 178 185 194 202 208 214 218 219 222 224 229 236 243 249 253 251 250 265 283 265 250 251 253 249 243 236 229 224 222 219 218 214 208 202 194 185 178 172 167 160 151 142 134 128 124 120 118 115 112 111 109 107 105 104 103 104 105 107 109 111 112 115 118 120 124 128 134 142 151 160 167 172 38.0 174 185 196 207 217 224 230 236 243 245 245 247 251 251 252 247 245 261 278 261 245 247 252 251 251 247 245 245 243 236 230 224 217 207 196 185 174 166 160 154 147 139 132 128 123 120 116 113 111 109 108 105 104 103 103 103 104 105 108 109 111 113 116 120 123 128 132 139 147 154 160 166 40.0 170 182 195 210 224 238 250 264 273 272 262 254 252 247 242 235 232 247 261 247 232 235 242 247 252 254 262 272 273 264 250 238 224 210 195 182 170 161 155 151 145 139 133 128 123 119 115 111 109 107 106 104 103 102 102 102 103 104 106 107 109 111 115 119 123 128 133 139 145 151 155 161 42.0 170 183 198 213 230 249 272 296 304 294 274 254 244 236 225 216 211 224 236 224 211 216 225 236 244 254 274 294 304 296 272 249 230 213 198 183 170 160 154 150 145 140 135 129 123 119 114 109 106 105 103 102 102 101 101 101 102 102 103 105 106 109 114 119 123 129 135 140 145 150 154 160 44.0 173 190 208 224 243 268 299 325 325 303 272 241 225 213 198 187 181 190 199 190 181 187 198 213 225 241 272 303 325 325 299 268 243 224 208 190 173 162 156 151 147 141 136 130 124 117 112 107 104 102 101 100 99.6 99.5 99.4 99.5 99.6 100 101 102 104 107 112 117 124 130 136 141 147 151 156 162 46.0 178 198 220 242 267 297 329 345 332 294 248 209 188 179 165 155 150 153 156 153 150 155 165 179 188 209 248 294 332 345 329 297 267 242 220 198 178 164 157 152 148 143 138 131 125 117 111 104 100 98.9 98.2 97.8 97.5 96.6 95.3 96.6 97.5 97.8 98.2 98.9 100 104 111 117 125 131 138 143 148 152 157 164 48.0 184 208 236 264 296 332 357 351 316 264 208 167 149 145 135 126 121 119 118 119 121 126 135 145 149 167 208 264 316 351 357 332 296 264 236 208 184 167 157 152 148 144 140 133 125 117 109 103 97.9 94.4 93.5 93.8 93.7 93.5 93.6 93.5 93.7 93.8 93.5 94.4 97.9 103 109 117 125 133 140 144 148 152 157 167 50.0 190 221 257 292 330 364 375 342 280 218 168 134 117 113 109 103 98.7 95.0 92.8 95.0 98.7 103 109 113 117 134 168 218 280 342 375 364 330 292 257 221 190 170 158 151 148 144 141 133 124 116 108 101 95.9 92.0 89.8 88.6 89.0 88.9 89.0 88.9 89.0 88.6 89.8 92.0 95.9 101 108 116 124 133 141 144 148 151 158 170 52.0 198 237 284 329 370 392 377 314 235 174 137 113 97.9 90.5 87.1 83.0 81.2 79.2 78.0 79.2 81.2 83.0 87.1 90.5 97.9 113 137 174 235 314 377 392 370 329 284 237 198 173 158 151 147 144 140 132 123 114 107 99.6 93.2 88.2 84.7 83.6 82.6 81.2 81.1 81.2 82.6 83.6 84.7 88.2 93.2 99.6 107 114 123 132 140 144 147 151 158 173 54.0 207 255 316 373 412 411 359 271 192 143 116 100 89.0 80.7 73.7 69.0 66.2 65.4 65.6 65.4 66.2 69.0 73.7 80.7 89.0 100 116 143 192 271 359 411 412 373 316 255 207 176 159 150 146 142 137 129 121 112 105 96.6 89.1 83.0 78.7 76.8 75.8 72.9 70.2 72.9 75.8 76.8 78.7 83.0 89.1 96.6 105 112 121 129 137 142 146 150 159 176 56.0 215 274 349 419 453 420 328 227 160 124 103 91.1 82.3 75.2 68.3 63.3 59.6 57.6 56.7 57.6 59.6 63.3 68.3 75.2 82.3 91.1 103 124 160 227 328 420 453 419 349 274 215 178 158 147 142 138 134 126 117 109 101 91.6 83.6 76.9 72.4 70.3 67.9 63.3 62.8 63.3 67.9 70.3 72.4 76.9 83.6 91.6 101 109 117 126 134 138 142 147 158 178 58.0 223 292 379 458 483 416 292 193 140 112 95.1 84.0 76.8 70.8 64.7 59.5 56.0 54.3 53.4 54.3 56.0 59.5 64.7 70.8 76.8 84.0 95.1 112 140 193 292 416 483 458 379 292 223 180 157 145 140 136 130 122 113 104 94.7 86.0 78.3 71.5 67.0 63.9 59.8 56.9 56.2 56.9 59.8 63.9 67.0 71.5 78.3 86.0 94.7 104 113 122 130 136 140 145 157 180 60.0 231 307 402 480 483 386 252 166 126 104 88.9 78.2 71.3 66.7 61.7 56.6 53.0 50.9 49.9 50.9 53.0 56.6 61.7 66.7 71.3 78.2 88.9 104 126 166 252 386 483 480 402 307 231 181 156 143 138 134 126 116 106 96.3 88.0 80.3 73.1 66.9 62.3 57.3 53.7 51.5 50.5 51.5 53.7 57.3 62.3 66.9 73.1 80.3 88.0 96.3 106 116 126 134 138 143 156 181 62.0 238 323 420 481 454 338 216 148 116 96.7 83.7 74.0 67.0 62.6 58.9 54.2 49.9 47.1 45.6 47.1 49.9 54.2 58.9 62.6 67.0 74.0 83.7 96.7 116 148 216 338 454 481 420 323 238 183 155 143 137 130 120 108 97.9 89.5 82.1 75.1 68.7 62.9 57.9 52.6 48.9 46.7 46.2 46.7 48.9 52.6 57.9 62.9 68.7 75.1 82.1 89.5 97.9 108 120 130 137 143 155 183 64.0 250 346 441 473 408 286 185 133 106 90.2 78.6 69.9 62.7 57.9 55.6 51.2 46.2 42.7 41.2 42.7 46.2 51.2 55.6 57.9 62.7 69.9 78.6 90.2 106 133 185 286 408 473 441 346 250 186 156 143 134 125 113 101 90.5 83.0 76.8 69.9 64.2 58.8 53.6 48.5 44.4 42.2 41.9 42.2 44.4 48.5 53.6 58.8 64.2 69.9 76.8 83.0 90.5 101 113 125 134 143 156 186 66.0 269 384 475 470 368 245 162 120 98.2 84.0 73.8 65.6 59.1 53.7 51.0 47.5 42.0 38.0 36.9 38.0 42.0 47.5 51.0 53.7 59.1 65.6 73.8 84.0 98.2 120 162 245 368 470 475 384 269 192 157 140 128 116 104 93.4 84.4 77.2 71.3 65.0 59.3 54.6 49.1 44.4 39.9 37.7 37.4 37.7 39.9 44.4 49.1 54.6 59.3 65.0 71.3 77.2 84.4 93.4 104 116 128 140 157 192 68.0 294 433 524 483 342 214 143 109 90.6 78.4 69.0 61.6 55.4 49.9 45.5 42.4 37.2 32.9 31.5 32.9 37.2 42.4 45.5 49.9 55.4 61.6 69.0 78.4 90.6 109 143 214 342 483 524 433 294 196 154 133 119 106 94.6 85.7 78.1 71.5 65.9 60.0 54.2 49.8 44.4 39.8 35.5 33.2 32.9 33.2 35.5 39.8 44.4 49.8 54.2 60.0 65.9 71.5 78.1 85.7 94.6 106 119 133 154 196 70.0 307 479 565 480 305 182 125 98.6 83.3 72.8 64.3 57.1 51.5 46.4 41.2 36.2 30.6 27.0 25.8 27.0 30.6 36.2 41.2 46.4 51.5 57.1 64.3 72.8 83.3 98.6 125 182 305 480 565 479 307 182 127 102 88.3 78.7 70.9 65.7 62.4 59.7 56.5 52.2 47.4 43.2 38.9 34.6 30.3 27.9 27.5 27.9 30.3 34.6 38.9 43.2 47.4 52.2 56.5 59.7 62.4 65.7 70.9 78.7 88.3 102 127 182 72.0 284 469 534 407 228 138 105 86.6 75.5 67.2 59.4 52.7 47.5 42.7 37.4 31.4 25.8 21.3 20.4 21.3 25.8 31.4 37.4 42.7 47.5 52.7 59.4 67.2 75.5 86.6 105 138 228 407 534 469 284 141 81.3 57.3 45.7 38.1 32.5 29.8 29.1 30.5 32.3 32.6 31.8 30.2 28.0 25.2 22.8 20.5 20.5 20.5 22.8 25.2 28.0 30.2 31.8 32.6 32.3 30.5 29.1 29.8 32.5 38.1 45.7 57.3 81.3 141 74.0 258 425 452 298 140 75.1 55.9 54.7 58.9 59.5 53.3 47.6 43.0 38.5 33.2 27.2 21.8 17.7 16.7 17.7 21.8 27.2 33.2 38.5 43.0 47.6 53.3 59.5 58.9 54.7 55.9 75.1 140 298 452 425 258 118 60.9 40.3 31.0 24.5 19.0 15.5 13.5 12.7 12.4 11.9 11.8 12.0 12.4 12.3 12.2 11.2 11.4 11.2 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.0 11.8 11.9 12.4 12.7 13.5 15.5 19.0 24.5 31.0 40.3 60.9 118 76.0 208 331 333 203 90.6 44.6 26.9 20.1 21.6 26.2 31.8 36.3 36.9 33.4 28.3 23.0 17.9 14.4 13.5 14.4 17.9 23.0 28.3 33.4 36.9 36.3 31.8 26.2 21.6 20.1 26.9 44.6 90.6 203 333 331 208 93.2 46.1 30.1 23.7 18.7 14.4 11.5 9.5 8.5 7.8 6.6 5.4 4.8 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.8 5.4 6.6 7.8 8.5 9.5 11.5 14.4 18.7 23.7 30.1 46.1 93.2 78.0 137 208 200 119 55.5 29.3 18.6 13.4 10.3 8.4 7.5 10.2 15.5 19.7 19.7 17.0 13.3 11.2 10.6 11.2 13.3 17.0 19.7 19.7 15.5 10.2 7.5 8.4 10.3 13.4 18.6 29.3 55.5 119 200 208 137 63.7 31.5 21.0 16.9 13.4 10.3 8.0 6.6 6.0 5.7 5.0 4.0 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.5 4.0 5.0 5.7 6.0 6.6 8.0 10.3 13.4 16.9 21.0 31.5 63.7 80.0 71.4 101 93.7 57.3 29.8 17.7 12.4 9.4 7.5 6.1 4.9 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.8 6.1 6.4 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.4 6.1 4.8 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.9 6.1 7.5 9.4 12.4 17.7 29.8 57.3 93.7 101 71.4 36.3 19.2 13.3 10.9 8.7 6.6 5.4 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.5 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.9 3.5 3.9 4.2 4.7 5.4 6.6 8.7 10.9 13.3 19.2 36.3 82.0 28.9 38.4 35.4 23.7 14.6 9.9 7.5 6.1 5.1 4.2 3.5 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 3.0 3.5 4.2 5.1 6.1 7.5 9.9 14.6 23.7 35.4 38.4 28.9 16.8 10.2 7.5 6.4 5.2 4.1 3.4 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.9 3.4 4.1 5.2 6.4 7.5 10.2 16.8 84.0 9.8 12.1 11.4 8.9 6.6 5.2 4.3 3.7 3.3 2.9 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.3 5.2 6.6 8.9 11.4 12.1 9.8 6.7 4.9 4.1 3.6 3.1 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.5 3.1 3.6 4.1 4.9 6.7 86.0 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.3 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.8 3.9 3.4 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.8 88.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 90.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3