Name	Last modified	Size	Description
	Parent Directory		-
	lp40.pdf	2001-12-29 19:44	41K	1999 vers., outdated
	lp40cz.html	2002-04-13 22:02	49K	Czech tr. of 1999 ver
	lp40cz.pdf	2002-04-13 22:15	61K	Czech tr. of 1999 ver
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	lp040_1h.css	2002-11-22 23:15	1.1K
	print.cz.htm	2002-11-23 18:30	952	printing instructions
	print.en.htm	2002-11-23 18:30	826	printing instructions
	ps2boor.sh	2002-11-23 19:30	876	(broch.-making scri.)
	html_tree/	2002-11-26 18:47	-	html in small parts
	lp040_1.doc.zip	2002-11-28 13:57	103K	MSword orig. zipped
	dead_urls.txt	2002-11-28 14:51	964	(unworking URLs, old)
	lp040_1h.html	2002-11-28 16:37	276K	online html Nov. 2002
	html_tree.zip	2002-11-28 16:38	130K	html in 18 parts, zip
	lp040_1.htm.zip	2002-11-28 16:39	84K	html zipped to 1/3
	lp040_1.pdf	2002-11-28 16:43	384K	A4 hypertext pdf
	lp040_1.pdf.zip	2002-11-28 16:53	232K	A4 pdf zipped to 60 %
	brochureA5ps.zip	2002-11-28 16:53	225K	out/inn. sides of sh.
	brochureA5pdf.zip	2002-11-28 16:54	275K	out/inn. sides of sh.
	changelog.txt	2002-11-28 17:00	11K	(changes since Nov 9)
	OLCpt2_figures/	2003-06-02 15:40	-
	repl_links/	2003-08-01 12:21	-	(disapp. link copies)
	htaccess.txt	2003-08-08 14:17	1.1K	(symlink: .htaccess)
	OLCpt2.doc	2003-09-03 12:45	1.0M
	OLCpt2.doc.zip	2003-09-03 13:28	315K	Part 2, zipped MSword
	changelog2.txt	2003-09-03 13:32	500	(changes of Part 2)
	OLCpt2.htm.zip	2003-09-10 18:21	374K	Part 2, zipped html
	dead_urls2.txt	2004-01-17 19:16	7.3K	(unworking URLs, Pt2)
	OLCpt2.pdf	2004-02-13 14:06	2.2M	Part 2, prelimin. pdf
	OLCpt2.pdf.zip	2004-11-09 13:11	1.1M	Part 2, zipped pdf
	readme.en.html	2006-09-13 20:57	3.9K
	old/	2006-09-15 20:18	-
	OLCpt2.htm	2006-09-15 20:27	1.0M	Part 2, prelim. html

Artificial outdoor lighting: scarcely a cure for crime

Dr. Marchant's publications

However, the belief that light reduces crime is widespread and used by the lighting industry as one of its main arguments, sometimes as the only one. If they give any reference, then mostly a 2002 paper by Farrington and Welsh. A short but convincing analysis of it has been published by Paul Marchant in the May 2004 issue of British J. of Criminology, being available at www.maths.leeds.ac.uk/statistics/rss/archive/previous_2004.html, together with a much further going 2004 presentation. I recommend them to all people acquainted with mathematical statistics; they demonstrate examples of fatal mistakes to be avoided (more text then in the presentation can be found in an older reply of Dr. Marchant to Farrington & Welsh, Failing to Measure any Effect of Increased Lighting on Crime, offered to the same journal but not published by it, unlike the thrice longer F&W reply in the same May issue).

A popular echo of the initial Marchant's paper in The Guardian is Bright lights `do not deter criminals'.

Dr. Clark's publications

A large paper by B. A. J. Clark (Part 1, published in November 2002) shows the current knowledge and misunderstandings. It is available as a 0.4 MB pdf or a 0.3 MB html file (zipped just 85 KB), zipped original MSword and files with an A5 brochure from folded A4 sheets, see ev. the printing instructions. The main site for the paper is http://www.asv.org.au.

For a quick look what the paper is about, a in the html tree is available, containing pieces 10--60 KB.

The Part 2 of this work, whose public version has been released by Dr. Clark in May 2003, has a sub-title ``Coupled Growth''.

It is available a 2 MB pdf, as a zipped MSword file and as a large html produced by it. Some hyper-references are still not working yet, but most URLs defunct in May have been updated in the html and MSword version in July 2003. (The same formats as for the Part 1 are still to be made.)

The MSword versions of both parts can be viewed on the screen with ``bookmarks'' at the left side, when an option Display, Layout is chosen, to get a functional analogue of the pdf version.

(The old version of the paper, much shorter, is completely obsolete now. For sake of continuity it is still available here as lp40.pdf. Its Czech translation is available both as a pdf or html file.)

Some other papers of Dr. Clark are available here.

Further information

on quality outdoor lighting is available at http://svetlo.astro.cz/darksky and the links from there. In many cases, light is really needed at night, but ``crime reduction'' should be never used as an argument for it.