CieloBuio
National coordination for the Protection of the Nocturnal Sky
You open them 2000
-

1 – INTRODUCTION To the REGIONAL NORMS FOR the ENERGETIC SAVING and AGAINST the LUMINOUS POLLUTION

The recent introduction of regional laws that regolamentano the public and private external lighting system pushes the common ones to equip itself of lighting system plans that they define of the homogenous criteria of lighting system of the territory.

In particolar way Lombardic regional law n. 17 of the 27,03,2000 " URGENT MEASURES IN TOPIC OF ENERGETIC SAVING TO USE OF EXTERNAL LIGHTING SYSTEM and FIGHT To the LUMINOUS POLLUTION " (supp. N.13 to the BURL of the 30/03/00) (Appendix 1) to the art. 4, codicil 1, point to, specific: " the common ones are equipped, within three years from the date of entrance in vigor of the present law, of plans of the lighting system that discipline the new installations in agreement with the present law, detention remaining the dictation of which exactly d) and to article 6, codicil 1".

The situation that is introduced to the entrance in vigor of the aforesaid law more rather articulate and is confused, in how much not existing a true one and own national norm in lighting system matter the participations lead on the territory have been realize you without some programmatico attempt, with the only scope to satisfy the contingent requirements that of time in time are manifested on the territory.

To this it must be added that the greater part of the times the systems has been realizes to you without to consider the preesistenti situations overlapping confusedly and in not homogenous way systems with various and independent purposes and attempts completely.

The realization of a lighting system plan has the function to photograph the territorial situation let alone to organize and to optimize in organic way the public and private lighting system, in the full respect of the above-mentioned law. Prince places itself therefore like instrument in order to render it more effective and operating.

He ambles to you operated you of the Plans of public lighting system (P.i.p.) they are following:

• from the technical point of view they plan the lighting system of the territory, the participations of refresh of the systems and their maintenance;
• from the economic point of view they allow to program anticipatamente the participations and to manage rationally the costs, with a considerable energetic saving.

2- Introduction to the lighting system plans

2.1 That what agrees for Plan of Public Lighting system

When it is spoken about Plan of Public Lighting system agrees a plan and a complex of destined technical dispositions to prescribed the participations of public and private lighting system. Such Slowly, it will second be realized the detailed lists and in the full respect of Lombardic regional law n. 17 of the 27,03,2000 and the eventual regional or national enforced norms (New Rule of the Road D.Lgs. 30 You open them 1992 n.285, norms for the new performance of National Energy Plan you read n.9-10 January 1991, European and national technical norms type CEI, DIN and UNI).

The disposition processed from such slowly has application on all the communal territory for the systems of future realization, while if such territories fall back in areas of protection of the regional astronomical observatories (second list it stilati from the Regional Committee), the lighting system plans must supply also to the programmed substitution and the adaptation of the already existing systems.

Ulterior necessity of those plans is also that one of the protection is diurnal that nocturnal of the territory and its image, favoring chosen that they value it.

The adoption of lighting system plans does not involve the burdens, the thoroughness and the complexity, demanded from the Plans Communal Regolators of lighting system and however they do not constitute limitation, but if necessary a guide, for the common ones that necessarily they must equip of in parallel with the City Plans of the Traffic (Art.36 codicil 1 and 2 of the Rule of the Road D.Lgs. 30 You open them 1992 n.285, 12/04/95 D.m. ordinary Supp. n.77 to the G.u. n.146 of the 24/06/95).

2,2 Requirements and motivations

1. fight to the luminous pollution;
2. energetic saving and economic programming;
3. safeguard and protection of the atmosphere;
4. emergency of the traffic, the persons and the territory;
5. valorization of the city atmosphere, i historical and residential centers;
6. improvement of the practicability.

2,3 Beneficiaries of the lighting system plans

• the citizens;
• the recreational activities and trade them;
• the Common managers of systems of own lighting system;
• the agencies managers of lighting system systems it publishes and private;
• the illuminotecnici planners;
• the producers of equipment for the lighting system and the impiantisti;
• the organs that control the emergency of systems electrical workers and of lighting system;
• the Ministry of Labor and Social Security and the Insurance agencies, reduction of the number of the accidents;
• the police enforcements for the reduction of micro crime and the actions of vandalismo;
• the atmosphere with the safeguard of the flora and the local fauna;
• the astronomers and the astrofili for the reduction of the luminous pollution.

2,4 Economic advantages

Since the normative new of law previews participations that protrarranno in the time and will modify the tipologia of the new installations and of the lighting system systems, the economic advantages that will derive some they will be remarkable in how much fruit of the combination of some determining factors: reduction of the dispersion of the intrusivo luminous flow in areas in which such flow it was not previewed arrived, control of the public lighting system and private avoiding useless and undesired it wastes, reduction of the luminous flows on roads in the nocturnal timetables and finally I use of systems equips you of lamps with the highest possible efficiency in relation to the state of the technology.

To increase the economic advantages beyond to an action lead on the lighting system equipment, it is necessary to preview a rationalization and standardization of the service systems (power lines, palificate, etc..) and to I use of systems to high technology with low operating costs and maintenance.

2,5 References normative to you and bibliography

Laws:

• Lombardic Regional law n. 17 of the 27,03,2000 in topic of " URGENT MEASURES IN TOPIC OF ENERGETIC SAVING TO USE OF EXTERNAL LIGHTING SYSTEM and FIGHT To the LUMINOUS POLLUTION " (Appendix 1)
• Decree legislative n. 285 of 30-4-1992: " New Rule of the Road "
• DPR 495/92: " Regulations of execution and performance of the New Rule of the Road "
• Decree legislative 360/93: " corrective and integrating Dispositions of legislative the approved of Rule of the Road " with Decree n. 285 of 30-4-1992
• D.m. 12/04/95 ordinary Supp. n.77 to the G.u. n.146 of the 24/06/95 " Directives for the writing, adoption and performance of the plans City of the traffic ".
• DPR 503/96: " Norms on the elimination of the architectural feature that denies accesses to the handicapped "
• laws n. 9 of January 1991 " Norms for the new performance of National Energy Plan: institutional aspects, center them hydroelectric and elettrodotti, fiscal hydrocarbons and geotermia, autoproduzione and dispositions "
• Law n. 10 of 9 January 1991 " Norms for the performance of the National Energy Plan in use matter rations them of the energy, energetic saving and development of the rinnovabili sources of energy "
• Attached II the 21 Directive 83/189/cee reads of June 1986 n.317 on the realization of systems to rule of art and analogous DPR 447/91 (regulations of law 46/90) \

Norms:

• 5044 norm DIN or the analogous one, but currently less completes, Norm UNI 10439: " illuminotecnici Requirement of the roads with motorized traffic "
• Norm Cei 34 – 33: " Apparatuses of Lighting system. Part II: Prescription particular. Apparatuses for the street lighting system "
• Relative norms CEI 34 to lamps, equipment of feeding and apparatuses of lighting system in a generalized manner
• Norm Cei 11 – 4: " Execution of the external power lines "
• Norm Cei 11 – 17 " Systems of production, transmission and distribution of electric power. Lines in cable "
• Norm Cei 64 – 7: " Systems similari electrical workers of public lighting system and "
• Norm Cei 64 – 8 relative to the " execution of the systems electrical workers to not advanced nominal tension to 1000 V "

Bibliography:

• CIE Publication n. 92: " Guides to the lighting of urban areas " (1992)
• CIE Publication n. 115: " Recommendations for the lighting of roads for motor and pedestrian traffic " (1995)
• ENEL/Federelettrica " Guide for the execution of the systems of public lighting system " (1990)
• AIDI " Recommendations for public lighting system " (1993)
• Slowly City Traffic (Put)
• " Guide for the Flat Communal Regolator of the Public Lighting system ", AIDI January 98
• " Manual of Illuminotecnica ", Francisco White men, NIS February 95
• " Systems to norms CEI – volume 6: External Lighting system ", Tne May 97
• " Communal Plans of City lighting system ", Ing Germano Bonanni, Review Light n.6/94
• " the communal plan for the public lighting system. Chosen and strategies for the planning of systems ", Arch. Giovanni Burzio, Review Light n.5/95
• " public Lighting system and emergency ", Fernando Prono, Review Light You open them 98
• " luminous Pollution and protection of the nocturnal sky " of the Institute Veneto di Scienze, Letters and Limbs - Dr.. Pierantonio Cinzano, of the University of Padova.
• " luminous Pollution a problem for all ", CieloBuio – Coordination for the protection of nocturnal sky UAI & IDA, March 2000.

3,1 Luminous Pollution definition

Luminous pollution is defined every shape of irradiation of artificial light that is dispersed to outside of areas to which it functional it is dedicated and, in particolar way, if oriented to of over of the line of the horizon (27/03/00 Law RL n.17 - Appendix 1)

3,2 Purpose of the lighting system plans

1. To reduce, on the territory, the luminous pollution and the energetic consumptions from it deriving,
2. To increase to the street emergency for the reduction of the incidents, avoiding dazzles and distractions that can ingender dangers for the traffic and the pedestrians (in the respect of the Rule of the Road),
3. To reduce crime and the actions of vandalismo that, from searches conduct in the United States, stretch to increase here where illuminates in disomogeneo way creating zones of penumbra in the immediate vicinities of areas sovrailluminate,
4. To favor the serali and recreational activities in order to improve the quality of the life,
5. To increase more rations them exploitation of the city spaces available,
6. To improve the lighting system of the works architectonic and of their beauty, with the opportune chromatic choice (for es. the yellow - gold of the lamps to the sodio to high pressure particularly turns out adapted in the historical centers), of the intensities and the type of lighting system, avoiding useless and harmful dispersions of the light in the surrounding areas and towards the sky and without to create contrasts stucchevoli with the surrounding atmosphere (es. with a lighting system too much intense),
7. To integrate the systems of lighting system with the atmosphere that encircles them, is diurnal that nocturnal,
8. To realize systems to high efficiency, by means of I use it of illuminant bodies full cut-off, lamps to high rendering and by means of the control of the luminous flow, favoring the energetic saving,
9. To optimize the burdens of management and relati you to the maintenance operations,
10. Guardian, in the areas of protection of the astronomical observatories, the activity of scientific and divulgativa search,
11. To conserve the ecological equilibriums is to the inside that to the outside of the city and extracity protect natural areas,
12. Preservare the possibility for the population to enjoy the saddled sky, primary cultural patrimony.

3,3 Location of makes of study and development of the plan

Subdivision of the territory and location of homogenous areas

1. it acclimatizes them
2. historical
3. urban planning

Verification of the apparatuses of lighting system and their distribution on the territory

• amount and tipologia of the points light;
• tipologia of the supports and they impact acclimatizes them;
• characteristics of the systems of distribution and the power lines of feeding of the illuminant bodies;
• Relief of the illuminotecnici parameters mainly meant to you: illuminamento, uniformità, dazzle and chromatic yield.

Based on how much emerged from the subdivision in homogenous areas, and to the effective distribution, a precise plan that subdivides the communal territory second chosen is processed of way lighting system that the programming of the maintenance operations and of I reorder acclimatizes them happens second prescribed chosen technical.

Tecnico/economica appraisal of the benefits of the execution of recovery and programmed maintenance operations.

4,1 Relief of the existing systems

The survey methodology must characterize following the characteristic essential things of the systems:

• Owners and managers (ENEL, common, municipial local Agencies and not, others),
• Feeding, powers employed electrical workers and type of distribution electrical worker,
• Tipologie of the apparatuses installs to you (street, lampposts, spheres, etc..) and of the supports it adopts (single and multiple poles, towers to you beacon, to suspension, console or wall, etc..),
• Distribution of the lamps installed in systems subdivided for type (fluorescence, sodio AP or BP, Ioduri Metallic, Mercury, etc…) and based on the powers (50W, 100W, etc…),
• Presence of: troublesome dazzles, intrusiva lighting system, obvious luminous pollution, disuniformità, insufficiency or overabundance of lighting system.

4,2 Subdivision of the Territory

The subdivision of you rritorio comunale, e le scelte tecniche da adottarsi, devono tenere conto delle seguenti realtà:

• distribuzione e morfologia del terreno (pianura, collina, montagna),
• suddivisione in Aree omogenee: in quartieri, centri storici, zone industriali, parchi, aree residenziali, arterie di grande traffico, circonvallazioni, autostrade, campagna, etc….
• aspetti climatici prevalenti che possono influenzare la viabilità e la visibilità. Sono ad esempio aspetti fondamentali per la scelta del tipo di impianto se il territorio è particolarmente piovoso, umido, nevoso o che favorisce il ristagno dell’aria con la probabile formazione di nebbie,
• aspetti ambientali quali la presenza di elementi artificiali o naturali che possono aggredire gli impianti di illuminazione come: la presenza di grossi complessi industriali (con emissione di elementi inquinanti o corrosivi), del mare (con l’abbondanza di salsedine), etc..
• l’appartenenza ad aree di protezione degli osservatori astronomici e di altri osservatori scientifici, che implica un particolare riguardo nella progettazione degli impianti per la salvaguardia del cielo.

4.3 Aree Omogenee

Le aree omogenee possono in particolare essere suddivise dalle tipologie di strade individuate, dai piani urbani del traffico (se esistenti), dal codice della strada e delle normative tecniche europee, o come segue, in base a criteri puramente di buon senso:

• Centri storici,
• Aree pedonali,
• Aree commerciali,
• Aree residenziali,
• Aree verdi,
• Aree industriali ed artigianali,
• Aree extraurbane,
• Aree limitate di specifica destinazione. Individuando: la loro distribuzione sul territorio, l’integrazione all’interno delle aree omogenee, la destinazione di tali aree (archeologiche, impianti sportivi, centri commerciali, etc..) ed i dati che li caratterizzano e li individuano univocamente.

La scelta dell’illuminazione deve innanzitutto tenere conto delle indicazioni tecniche della Legge Regionale Lombarda n.17 del 27.03.00.

4.4 Stesura del piano d’illuminazione

1. Individuazione della rete viaria esistente (urbana, extraurbana, pedonale, etc..)
2. suddivisione e classificazione delle vie sulla base del codice della strada ed alle indicazioni delle normative tecniche europee (Appendice 2).

1. Individuazione dei parametri illuminotecnici caratteristici (luminanze e illuminamenti, uniformità, abbagliamento) in base alla classificazione delle strade (Appendice 2).
2. Scelta delle caratteristiche delle lampade da adottarsi in ciascun contesto urbano ed extraurbano (Appendice 2).

1. Gradi di protezione (IP) e Classe di isolamento (I o II),
2. Geometria e tipologia degli impianti (pali, sospensioni, mensole, a parete, torri faro, etc..),
3. Scelte per la protezione elettrica degli impianti, prevedendo eventuali circuiti ridondanti per la sicurezza degli impianti, e ridurre i rischi di improvvisi oscuramenti della rete,
4. Posa delle linee elettriche (aeree, sotterranee),
5. Miglioramento del rendimento illuminotecnico globale (rapporto fra flusso utile e potenza installata),
6. Inserimento in linea di regolatori per il controllo del flusso luminoso emesso, e la variazione secondo specifiche curve di calibratura,
7. Prevedere sistemi elettronici diagnostici per ridurre la manutenzione degli impianti e migliorare i servizi.

1. Scelte progettuali ed operative per aree omogenee (Appendice 2),
2. Scelte progettuali per le applicazioni particolari (Appendice 2):

• Monumenti,
• Grandi Aree,
• Impianti sportivi all’aperto

1. Ottimizzazione:

• della segnaletica luminosa secondo criteri di visibilità e di priorità,
• dell’illuminazione commerciale nel rispetto della salvaguardia dell’ambiente cittadino, limitandone la potenza, l’estensione e la diffusione,

Adozione di criteri anti inquinamento luminoso (Appendice 1).

1. Predisposizione di particolari scelte illuminotecniche prioritarie in corrispondenza di quelle aree a rischio (generalmente molto limitate) che richiedono maggiori attenzioni fra le quali:

• Centri sportivi (campi di calcio, ippodromi, piscine, palestre, etc..),
• Aree scolastiche (in prossimità degli ingressi),
• Centri commerciali (in corrispondenza di aree intenso traffico pedonale),
• Aree di interscambio, come gli accessi alle stazioni ferroviarie,
• Importanti svincoli su strade di intenso traffico urbano ed extraurbano.

• Definizione di piani di manutenzione e di adeguamento degli impianti,
• Stima economica dei costi di manutenzione, adeguamento e gestione. Previsioni di spesa in relazione alle effettive disponibilità finanziarie ed alle priorità sul territorio.

Se il comune si è dotato di Piano Urbano del Traffico come previsto dai D.M. che individuano le liste regionali dei comuni che devono dotarsene, il piani d’illuminazione si presentano nella versione più completa di Piani Regolatori dell’Illuminazione direttamente subordinati ai PUT in quanto a classificazione e complementari in quanto a finalità.

La documentazione che generalmente costituisce il corpo di un piano regolatore standard può essere cosi sintetizzata:

Elaborati Grafici

• Planimetrie del territorio comunale suddiviso per aree omogenee (compatibile con l’eventuale PRG),
• Planimetrie degli impianti già esistenti, con l’individuazione delle principali caratteristiche tecniche e funzionali,
• Planimetria della classificazione delle aree e delle relative tipologie funzionali,

Relazioni

• Relazione introduttiva sulla distribuzione del territorio comunale
• Relazione delle caratteristiche storico – ambientali
• Relazione descrittiva delle aree a particolari destinazione, delle zone e degli edifici critici, e del contesto in cui sono inserite,
• Relazione per la definizione, e la localizzazione dei nuovi impianti previsti sul territorio secondo le specifiche ivi inserite per aree omogenee e tipologie di impianti,
• Relazione economica e programmatica per la valutazione delle spese di realizzazione, manutenzione, e gestione degli impianti, con la definizione degli interventi in relazione alle disponibilità finanziarie comunali.

Nei casi in cui non sia richiesto il PUT, ed il comune è di piccole dimensioni, tali strumenti possono semplificarsi notevolmente in quanto a obiettivi, finalità e documentazione.

APPENDICE 1 -
REQUISITI ILLUMINOTECNICI DELLE STRADE CON TRAFFICO MOTORIZZATO

APPENDICE 2 -
STIMA ECONOMICA

CieloBuio - Coordinamento per la Protezione del Cielo Notturno