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\begin{document}

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\LARGE

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\title
{\vspace*{-0.1\textheight}
 \Huge
How should the light pollution be controlled
-- an experience from the Czech Republic}
\author{\color{white} \LARGE 
Jenik Hollan, N. Copernicus Observatory and Planetarium in Brno}
\date{\LARGE
lecture at Ecology of the Night, Muskoka, Sep 23, 2003}

\maketitle

\sect{Light pollution: 

the only pollution growing exponentially everywhere. 

The rise should be stopped
and reversed to go sustainably.}

\sect{Similarities with fossil carbon emissions. 

Both pollutants considered harmless 30 years ago, both are very dangerous. 

Common solution: energy efficiency.}

{
\vspace*{0.1\textheight}

\color{textgr}
\Huge For that, rules imposed by law are needed:
 
\begin{itemize}
\item Shine below horizon only.
\item Use just the amount of light demanded by safety standards 
 and not more then 1\cdpms{} or 10~lux otherwise.
\item Ensure that the amount of light can be lowered at night
substantially.
\item Put a limit for illuminated advertisements (like luminance
{\textit{L}~=~150\,/\,\textit{S}$^{0.8}$} for areas \textit{S}
between 1 and 500\ms{}).
\item Apply emergency measures for the most vulnerable sites.
\item Enable communes to proceed more rapidly.
\end{itemize}

}


\sect{Exceptions: 

traffic lights, 

short-time lighting, 

faint sources (1500 lm or less)}


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\sect{Good experience from Lombardy since 2000.
 
Failure of laws using just a declaration. 

\h{svetlo.astro.cz/darksky/cz_law} }

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\sect{MV, MH, LPS, HPS, fluorescent}

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\sect{Digital imaging photometry

\h{amper.ped.muni.cz/light/luminance}}

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\sect{Dimming the light sources 

 (a good example from Brno)}

\sect{Who minds?}

\sect{Cancers and Sleep}

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\sect{Nature, glare, light trespass}

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\sect{Vanished heavens:

stars never noticed among
strong luminaires}

\sect{Deprived childhood and rise of crime}

\sect{Bad rules worse than none at all.

  Good rules, like in Lombardy:
  
  \color{white} a hope to restore the night again
  
  \h{www.darksky.cz}
  
  \h{www.darksky.org}
  }


\end{document}
