a. abrupt climate change absorbing activities implemented jointly adaptation adaptation benefit adaptation cost adaptive capacity aerosol afforestation aggregate impact albedo albedo feedback algal bloom alpine annex b countrie annex i countrie annex ii countrie anthropogenic anthropogenic emission arid region atmosphere attribution b. barrier baseline basin biodiversity biofuel biomass biome biosphere (terrestrial and marine) boreal forest borehole temperature bottom-up model c. carbon cycle carbon dioxide carbon (dioxide) capture and storage (ccs) carbon dioxide fertilization carbon intensity carbon leakage carbon sequestration catchment clean development mechanism climate climate-carbon cycle coupling climate feedback climate change (climate change) impact assessment climate model climate prediction climate projection climate response climate scenario climate sensitivity climate shift climate system climate variability cloud feedback co-benefit combined heat and power compliance confidence coral coral bleaching coral reef correct cost co2 co2-equivalent co2-fertilization cryosphere d. deforestation degree of confidence in being demand-side management detection and attribution discounting discount rate drought dynamical ice discharge e. economic (mitigation) potential economies in transition ecosystem el nino-southern oscillation emission scenario emissions trading emission trajectory energy energy balance energy efficiency energy intensity equivalent carbon dioxide concentration equivalent carbon dioxide emission erosion evapotranspiration external forcing extinction extreme weather event f. feedback f-gase food security forcing forecast forest fossil fuel framework convention on climate change frozen ground fuel cell fuel switching g. glacial lake glacier global surface temperature global warming potential greenhouse effect greenhouse ga gross domestic product h. halocarbon human system hydrofluorocarbon hydrochlorofluorocarbon hydrological cycle hydrological system hydrosphere chlorofluorocarbon i. ice cap ice core ice sheet impact implementation indigenous people induced technological change industrial revolution inertia infectious disease infrastructure integrated assessment integrated water resources management interglacial j. joint implementation k. kyoto mechanism kyoto protocol l. land use land-use change last interglacial learning by doing level of scientific understanding likelihood likelihood of the occurrence m. macroeconomic cost malaria market exchange rate market impact market potential mass balance mean sea level measure meridional overturning circulation methane methane recovery metric millennium development goal mitigation mitigation potential mitigative capacity model model hierarchy monsoon morbidity mortality n. net market benefit nitrous oxide non-governmental organization non-market impact o. ocean acidification opportunitie / outcome ozone p. page 10 page 11 page 12 page 13 page 14 page 15 page 16 page 3 page 4 page 5 page 6 page 7 page 8 page 9 paleoclimate patterns of climate variability percentile perfluorocarbon permafrost ph phenology photosynthesi plankton policie portfolio post-sre pre-industrial projection purchasing power parity r. radiative forcing reference reforestation region resilience retrofitting runoff s. salinisation saltwater intrusion scenario sea ice sea-ice biome sea level change sea level rise seasonally frozen ground sensitivity singularity sink snow pack soil temperature solar activity solar radiation source spatial and temporal scale sres scenario stabilisation stakeholder standard storm surge storm track stratosphere streamflow structural change sulphurhexafluoride surface temperature sustainable development t. tax technological change technology technology transfer terminology thermal expansion thermal infrared radiation tide gauge top-down model total solar irradiance tradable permit tropopause troposphere u. uncertainty unfcc uptake urbanization v. vector voluntary action voluntary agreement vulnerability w. water consumption water stres z. zooplankton