| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Hidetoshi Asai |
| Author | Benjamin K. Samson |
| Author | Haefele M. Stephan |
| Author | Khamdok Songyikhangsuthor |
| Author | Koki Homma |
| Author | Yoshiyuki Kiyono |
| Author | Yoshio Inoue |
| Author | Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa |
| Author | Takeshi Horie |
| Abstract | The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of biochar application (CA) on soil physical properties and grain yields of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in northern Laos. During the 2007 wet season, three different experiments were conducted under upland conditions at 10 sites, combining variations in CA amounts (0–16 t ha−1), fertilizer application rates (N and P) and rice cultivars (improved and traditional) in northern Laos. CA improved the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the top soil and the xylem sap flow of the rice plant. CA resulted in higher grain yields at sites with low P availability and improved the response to N and NP chemical fertilizer treatments. However, CA reduced leaf SPAD values, possibly through a reduction of the availability of soil nitrogen, indicating that CA without additional N fertilizer application could reduce grain yields in soils with a low indigenous N supply. These results suggest that CA has the potential to improve soil productivity of upland rice production in Laos, but that the effect of CA application is highly dependent on soil fertility and fertilizer management. |
| Publication | Field Crops Research |
| Volume | 111 |
| Issue | 1–2 |
| Pages | 81-84 |
| Date | March 15, 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | Field Crops Research |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.fcr.2008.10.008 |
| ISSN | 0378-4290 |
| Short Title | Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos |
| URL | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429008002141 |
| Accessed | 2. leden 2013 22:02:50 |
| Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
| Date Added | 2. leden 2013 22:02:50 |
| Modified | 2. leden 2013 22:02:50 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Christopher J. Atkinson |
| Author | Jean D. Fitzgerald |
| Author | Neil A. Hipps |
| Abstract | Natural organic biomass burning creates black carbon which forms a considerable proportion of the soil’s organic carbon. Due to black carbon’s aromatic structure it is recalcitrant and has the potential for long-term carbon sequestration in soil. Soils within the Amazon-basin contain numerous sites where the ‘dark earth of the Indians’ (Terra preta de Indio, or Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE)) exist and are composed of variable quantities of highly stable organic black carbon waste (‘biochar’). The apparent high agronomic fertility of these sites, relative to tropical soils in general, has attracted interest. Biochars can be produced by ‘baking’ organic matter under low oxygen (‘pyrolysis’). The quantities of key mineral elements within these biochars can be directly related to the levels of these components in the feedstock prior to burning. Their incorporation in soils influences soil structure, texture, porosity, particle size distribution and density. The molecular structure of biochars shows a high degree of chemical and microbial stability. A key physical feature of most biochars is their highly porous structure and large surface area. This structure can provide refugia for beneficial soil micro-organisms such as mycorrhizae and bacteria, and influences the binding of important nutritive cations and anions. This binding can enhance the availability of macro-nutrients such as N and P. Other biochar soil changes include alkalisation of soil pH and increases in electrical conductivity (EC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Ammonium leaching has been shown to be reduced, along with N2O soil emissions. There may also be reductions in soil mechanical impedance. Terra preta soils contain a higher number of ‘operational taxonomic units’ and have highly distinctive microbial communities relative to neighbouring soils. The potential importance of biochar soil incorporation on mycorrhizal fungi has also been noted with biochar providing a physical niche devoid of fungal grazers. Improvements in soil field capacity have been recorded upon biochar additions. Evidence shows that bioavailability and plant uptake of key nutrients increases in response to biochar application, particularly when in the presence of added nutrients. Depending on the quantity of biochar added to soil significant improvements in plant productivity have been achieved, but these reports derive predominantly from studies in the tropics. As yet there is limited critical analysis of possible agricultural impacts of biochar application in temperate regions, nor on the likelihood of utilising such soils as long-term sites for carbon sequestration. This review aims to determine the extent to which inferences of experience mostly from tropical regions could be extrapolated to temperate soils and to suggest areas requiring study. |
| Publication | Plant and Soil |
| Volume | 337 |
| Issue | 1-2 |
| Pages | 1-18 |
| Date | 2010/12/01 |
| Journal Abbr | Plant Soil |
| Language | en |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11104-010-0464-5 |
| ISSN | 0032-079X, 1573-5036 |
| Short Title | Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils |
| URL | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11104-010-0464-5 |
| Accessed | 2. leden 2013 21:27:23 |
| Library Catalog | link.springer.com |
| Date Added | 2. leden 2013 21:27:23 |
| Modified | 2. leden 2013 21:27:23 |
| Type | Book |
|---|---|
| Author | S. Carter |
| Author | S. Shackley |
| Date | 2011 |
| # of Pages | 71 |
| URL | http://www.sages.ac.uk/home/homes/sshackle/BiocharStovesInnovation.pdf |
| Date Added | 6. leden 2013 18:44:09 |
| Modified | 6. leden 2013 18:47:56 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | ADRIANA DOWNIE |
| Author | PAUL MUNROE |
| Author | ANNETTE COWIE |
| Author | LUKAS VAN ZWIETEN |
| Author | DAVID M. S. LAU |
| Abstract | Biochar technology has been proposed as a geoengineering solution that has potential to actively reduce the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and enhance the sustainability of agriculture. The magnitude of the technologies’ net benefit must be considered in relation to the associated risks. Hazards posed by biochar technology need to be managed to a level that the resulting risks are deemed acceptable by society; identification of hazards is an essential first step. Effectively implemented risk management and sustainability guidelines, driven by informed policy directives, will result in biochar technology being an important tool for environmental and atmospheric greenhouse gas management. |
| Publication | Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology |
| Volume | 42 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 225-250 |
| Date | 2012 |
| DOI | 10.1080/10643389.2010.507980 |
| ISSN | 1064-3389 |
| Short Title | Biochar as a Geoengineering Climate Solution |
| URL | http://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:10236/SOURCE02#page=44 |
| Accessed | 3. leden 2013 12:45:50 |
| Library Catalog | Taylor and Francis+NEJM |
| Date Added | 3. leden 2013 12:45:50 |
| Modified | 3. leden 2013 12:47:34 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| Author | Isaiah Esipisu |
| Date | 2012-04-10 |
| URL | http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/garbage-fed-community-cooker-cuts-wood-use-energy-costs/ |
| Accessed | 24. červen 2012 17:14:57 |
| Date Added | 24. červen 2012 17:14:57 |
| Modified | 24. červen 2012 17:16:05 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | John L. Gaunt |
| Author | Johannes Lehmann |
| Abstract | Compared to its use as an energy source biochar produced by slow pyrolysis is more effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions when used as a soil conditioner. |
| Publication | Environmental Science & Technology |
| Volume | 42 |
| Issue | 11 |
| Pages | 4152-4158 |
| Date | June 1, 2008 |
| Journal Abbr | Environ. Sci. Technol. |
| DOI | 10.1021/es071361i |
| ISSN | 0013-936X |
| URL | http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/lehmann/publ/ES%26T%2042,%204152-4158,%202008%20Gaunt.pdf |
| Accessed | 2. leden 2013 22:29:26 |
| Library Catalog | ACS Publications |
| Date Added | 2. leden 2013 22:29:26 |
| Modified | 2. leden 2013 22:31:55 |
| Type | Document |
|---|---|
| Author | Jacek Jaworski |
| Publisher | Śląski Ogród Botaniczny, Mikołów |
| Date | 2009-2010 |
| URL | http://www.sibg.org.pl/UserFiles/File/opracowanie%20biowegiel%20sekwestracja%20gleby%20technologie.pdf |
| Date Added | 2. leden 2013 22:54:13 |
| Modified | 2. leden 2013 23:05:30 |
| Type | Document |
|---|---|
| Author | Jacek Jaworski |
| Publisher | Śląski Ogród Botaniczny, Mikołów |
| Date | 2010 |
| URL | http://www.sibg.org.pl/UserFiles/File/opracowanie%20biowegiel%20kontekst%20znaczenie%20ruch%20spoleczny.pdf |
| Date Added | 2. leden 2013 23:15:05 |
| Modified | 2. leden 2013 23:17:00 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | James J. Jetter |
| Author | Peter Kariher |
| Abstract | In this study, 14 solid-fuel household cook stove and fuel combinations, including 10 stoves and four fuels, were tested for performance and pollutant emissions using a WBT (Water Boiling Test) protocol. Results from the testing showed that some stoves currently used in the field have improved fuel efficiency and lower pollutant emissions compared with traditional cooking methods. Stoves with smaller-mass components exposed to the heat of fuel combustion tended to take lesser time to boil, have better fuel efficiency, and lower pollutant emissions. The challenge is to design stoves with smaller-mass components that also have acceptable durability, affordable cost, and meet user needs. Results from this study provide stove performance and emissions information to practitioners disseminating stove technology in the field. This information may be useful for improving the design of existing stoves and for developing new stove designs. Comparison of results between laboratories shows that results can be replicated between labs when the same stove and fuel are tested using the WBT protocol. Recommendations were provided to improve the ability to replicate results between labs. Implications of better solid-fuel cook stoves are improved human health, reduced fuel use, reduced deforestation, and reduced global climate change. |
| Publication | Biomass and Bioenergy |
| Volume | 33 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 294-305 |
| Date | February 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | Biomass and Bioenergy |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.05.014 |
| ISSN | 0961-9534 |
| Short Title | Solid-fuel household cook stoves |
| URL | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953408001505 |
| Accessed | 6. leden 2013 19:33:22 |
| Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
| Date Added | 6. leden 2013 19:33:22 |
| Modified | 6. leden 2013 19:33:22 |
| Type | Conference Paper |
|---|---|
| Author | S. D. Joseph |
| Author | A. Downie |
| Author | P. Munroe |
| Author | A. Crosky |
| Author | J. Lehmann |
| Date | 2007 |
| Proceedings Title | Proceedings of the Australian Combustion Symposium |
| Pages | 130-133 |
| URL | ftp://ftp.dpvta.uniud.it/peressotti/Biochar/2007/NSW-Joseph2007-Biochar%20for%20Carbon%20Sequestration,%20Reduction%20of%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20emissions%20and%20enhancement%20of%20soil%20fertility-a%20review%20of%20the%20material%20science.pdf |
| Date Added | 2. leden 2013 22:46:16 |
| Modified | 2. leden 2013 22:49:00 |
| Type | Book |
|---|---|
| Editor | Johannes Lehmann |
| Editor | Stephen Joseph |
| Abstract | Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process. This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines. |
| Publisher | Routledge |
| Date | 2009 |
| # of Pages | 448 |
| ISBN | 184407658X |
| URL | http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9781844076581/ |
| Date Added | 3. leden 2013 11:30:30 |
| Modified | 3. leden 2013 12:09:18 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Johannes Lehmann |
| Author | John Gaunt |
| Author | Marco Rondon |
| Abstract | The application of bio-char (charcoal or biomass-derived black carbon (C)) to soil is proposed as a novel approach to establish a significant, long-term, sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems. Apart from positive effects in both reducing emissions and increasing the sequestration of greenhouse gases, the production of bio-char and its application to soil will deliver immediate benefits through improved soil fertility and increased crop production. Conversion of biomass C to bio-char C leads to sequestration of about 50% of the initial C compared to the low amounts retained after burning (3%) and biological decomposition (< 10–20% after 5–10 years), therefore yielding more stable soil C than burning or direct land application of biomass. This efficiency of C conversion of biomass to bio-char is highly dependent on the type of feedstock, but is not significantly affected by the pyrolysis temperature (within 350–500 ∘C common for pyrolysis). Existing slash-and-burn systems cause significant degradation of soil and release of greenhouse gases and opportunies may exist to enhance this system by conversion to slash-and-char systems. Our global analysis revealed that up to 12% of the total anthropogenic C emissions by land use change (0.21 Pg C) can be off-set annually in soil, if slash-and-burn is replaced by slash-and-char. Agricultural and forestry wastes such as forest residues, mill residues, field crop residues, or urban wastes add a conservatively estimated 0.16 Pg C yr−1. Biofuel production using modern biomass can produce a bio-char by-product through pyrolysis which results in 30.6 kg C sequestration for each GJ of energy produced. Using published projections of the use of renewable fuels in the year 2100, bio-char sequestration could amount to 5.5–9.5 Pg C yr−1 if this demand for energy was met through pyrolysis, which would exceed current emissions from fossil fuels (5.4 Pg C yr−1). Bio-char soil management systems can deliver tradable C emissions reduction, and C sequestered is easily accountable, and verifiable. |
| Publication | Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 395-419 |
| Date | 2006/03/01 |
| Journal Abbr | Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Change |
| Language | en |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11027-005-9006-5 |
| ISSN | 1381-2386, 1573-1596 |
| URL | http://sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/LEHMANN%20et%20al%202006%20Bio%20Char%20Sequestration%20in%20Terrestrial%20Ecosystems%20Review.pdf |
| Accessed | 2. leden 2013 21:23:11 |
| Library Catalog | link.springer.com |
| Date Added | 2. leden 2013 21:23:11 |
| Modified | 2. leden 2013 21:24:32 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Johannes Lehmann |
| Author | Matthias C. Rillig |
| Author | Janice Thies |
| Author | Caroline A. Masiello |
| Author | William C. Hockaday |
| Author | David Crowley |
| Abstract | Soil amendment with biochar is evaluated globally as a means to improve soil fertility and to mitigate climate change. However, the effects of biochar on soil biota have received much less attention than its effects on soil chemical properties. A review of the literature reveals a significant number of early studies on biochar-type materials as soil amendments either for managing pathogens, as inoculant carriers or for manipulative experiments to sorb signaling compounds or toxins. However, no studies exist in the soil biology literature that recognize the observed large variations of biochar physico-chemical properties. This shortcoming has hampered insight into mechanisms by which biochar influences soil microorganisms, fauna and plant roots. Additional factors limiting meaningful interpretation of many datasets are the clearly demonstrated sorption properties that interfere with standard extraction procedures for soil microbial biomass or enzyme assays, and the confounding effects of varying amounts of minerals. In most studies, microbial biomass has been found to increase as a result of biochar additions, with significant changes in microbial community composition and enzyme activities that may explain biogeochemical effects of biochar on element cycles, plant pathogens, and crop growth. Yet, very little is known about the mechanisms through which biochar affects microbial abundance and community composition. The effects of biochar on soil fauna are even less understood than its effects on microorganisms, apart from several notable studies on earthworms. It is clear, however, that sorption phenomena, pH and physical properties of biochars such as pore structure, surface area and mineral matter play important roles in determining how different biochars affect soil biota. Observations on microbial dynamics lead to the conclusion of a possible improved resource use due to co-location of various resources in and around biochars. Sorption and thereby inactivation of growth-inhibiting substances likely plays a role for increased abundance of soil biota. No evidence exists so far for direct negative effects of biochars on plant roots. Occasionally observed decreases in abundance of mycorrhizal fungi are likely caused by concomitant increases in nutrient availability, reducing the need for symbionts. In the short term, the release of a variety of organic molecules from fresh biochar may in some cases be responsible for increases or decreases in abundance and activity of soil biota. A road map for future biochar research must include a systematic appreciation of different biochar-types and basic manipulative experiments that unambiguously identify the interactions between biochar and soil biota. |
| Publication | Soil Biology and Biochemistry |
| Volume | 43 |
| Issue | 9 |
| Pages | 1812-1836 |
| Date | September 2011 |
| Journal Abbr | Soil Biology and Biochemistry |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.022 |
| ISSN | 0038-0717 |
| Short Title | 19th International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry |
| URL | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038071711001805 |
| Accessed | 2. leden 2013 21:39:02 |
| Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
| Date Added | 2. leden 2013 21:39:02 |
| Modified | 2. leden 2013 21:39:02 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Josef Maroušek |
| Abstract | The removal of hardly fermentable ballast from the maize silage was investigated on a commercial scale to reduce the retention times, volumes of fermentors and associated heating requirements. The technology consisted of the under-hot-water maceration followed by decantation and the double-screw-press to separate the most labile pools of carbon from the ballast organic matter. This procedure minimized the inhibitor formations in the subsequent steam-explosion followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrolysis products were squeezed out from the lignocellulose ballast by the rotary dewatering press, fused with liquids previously obtained and anaerobically fermented providing 316.7 m3 CH4 VS t−1 in 200 h. The rigid briquettes from the ballast at the rotary dewatering press were charcoaled (27.506 MJ kg−1). All the technology was designed to run on the waste heat from the flue gases (490 °C) at the cogeneration unit linked to the 1 MWep biogas station. |
| Publication | Industrial Crops and Products |
| Volume | 44 |
| Issue | 0 |
| Pages | 253-257 |
| Date | January 2013 |
| Journal Abbr | Industrial Crops and Products |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.11.022 |
| ISSN | 0926-6690 |
| URL | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669012006115 |
| Accessed | 1. leden 2013 19:39:26 |
| Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
| Date Added | 1. leden 2013 19:39:26 |
| Modified | 1. leden 2013 19:39:26 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Josef Maroušek |
| Abstract | Phytomass cultivation for energy use is increasingly popular in Europe for high profits guaranteed by subsidy. Although public interest in ecology is on an increasing level, direct combustion is still preferred even though scholars have been warning about formations of hazardous compounds for a long-time. However, the reduction of subsidies would negatively affect an already bad situation in Czech agriculture, since most farmers became fully dependent on subsidies due to quotas, restrictions, and other unequal business conditions in European Union. It was proved in a commercial scale that an alternative phytomass energy utilizing technology consisting of steam explosion and subsequent anaerobic fermentation may be run solely on the waste heat without any further addition of chemicals. Behavior analysis of present and future agriculture decision-makers showed that none of the farmers who visited the facility cared about ecological consequences. On the other hand, ost students from the Faculty of Agriculture and the Faculty of the Economy answered the questionnaire with higher environmental responsibility. We assume this is caused by high average age of farmers in Czech Republic who are more aware of the ongoing economical difficulties and perceive differently the risk of higher acquisition costs. |
| Publication | Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics |
| Pages | 1-11 |
| Journal Abbr | J Agric Environ Ethics |
| Language | en |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10806-012-9423-x |
| ISSN | 1187-7863, 1573-322X |
| URL | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10806-012-9423-x |
| Accessed | 1. leden 2013 19:48:28 |
| Library Catalog | link.springer.com |
| Date Added | 1. leden 2013 19:48:28 |
| Modified | 1. leden 2013 19:48:28 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Josef Maroušek |
| Publication | Biom.cz |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue | 8 |
| Date | 2012-08-20 |
| Journal Abbr | Biom.cz |
| ISSN | 1801-2655 | URL | http://biom.cz/cz/o-biomu/autori/josef-marousek |
| Date Added | 1. leden 2013 19:49:53 |
| Modified | 1. leden 2013 21:02:59 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Josef Maroušek |
| Publication | Biom.cz |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue | 8 |
| Date | 2012-08-20 |
| Journal Abbr | Biom.cz |
| ISSN | 1801-2655 |
| URL | http://biom.cz/cz/odborne-clanky/produkci-bioplynu-lze-zvysit-dezintegraci-vstupni-fytomasy |
| Date Added | 1. leden 2013 21:02:19 |
| Modified | 1. leden 2013 21:02:19 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | N.L. Panwar |
| Author | N.S. Rathore |
| Abstract | The paper addresses the studies of a wood gas stove in meeting cooking energy requirement using biomass gasification. The stove works on natural draft mode. The thermal efficiency of the stove was recorded at about 26.5% and it can be started, operated and stopped with very low emissions. It can use a wide variety of biomass fuels. The produced wood gas burns with a blue flame like liquid petroleum gas with a flame temperature of 736 °C. The design criteria, safety measures and operating procedure of wood gas stoves are presented in this paper. |
| Publication | Biomass and Bioenergy |
| Volume | 32 |
| Issue | 12 |
| Pages | 1349-1352 |
| Date | December 2008 |
| Journal Abbr | Biomass and Bioenergy |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.04.007 |
| ISSN | 0961-9534 |
| URL | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953408000901 |
| Accessed | 6. leden 2013 19:26:25 |
| Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
| Date Added | 6. leden 2013 19:26:25 |
| Modified | 6. leden 2013 19:26:25 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Alison Powell |
| Abstract | The commercial success of open source software, along with a broader socio-cultural shift towards participation in media and cultural production, have inspired attempts to extend and expand open source practices. These include expansions from software into general culture through ‘Free Culture’ movements and, more recently, expansions from software into hardware and design. This article provides a critical perspective on the democratic potential of these broader ‘open’ contribution structures by examining how open source contributions to both software and hardware increase the opportunities for democratic participation in production, governance and knowledge exchange. By analysing attempts to ‘open source’ the sharing of hardware designs, it also notes the limitations of this democratization. The insights developed in the article nuance the relationship between open source cultures and commercial and market structures, identifying how the generative opportunities created by certain aspects of open source contribution structures increase the potential for democratizing production of communication tools, but also how incongruities across different open-source cultures and communities of practice limit the democratic potential of these processes. |
| Publication | Media, Culture & Society |
| Volume | 34 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 691-708 |
| Date | 2012-09-01 |
| Journal Abbr | Media Culture Society |
| Language | en |
| DOI | 10.1177/0163443712449497 |
| ISSN | 0163-4437, 1460-3675 |
| Short Title | Democratizing production through open source knowledge |
| URL | http://mcs.sagepub.com/content/34/6/691 |
| Accessed | 6. leden 2013 22:36:18 |
| Library Catalog | mcs.sagepub.com |
| Date Added | 6. leden 2013 22:36:18 |
| Modified | 6. leden 2013 22:36:18 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| Author | Sai Bhaskar N. Reddy |
| URL | http://www.goodstove.com/ |
| Accessed | 6. leden 2013 21:58:48 |
| Date Added | 6. leden 2013 21:58:48 |
| Modified | 6. leden 2013 22:00:12 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| Author | Sai Bhaskar N. Reddy |
| Abstract | GEOECOLOGY ENERGY ORGANISATION [GEO] is a registered Public Charitable Trust formed by people who have been closely associated with the work of various Institutions involved in ENVIRONMENTAL, CLIMATE CHANGE, NATURAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES - AGRICULTURE, TERRA PRETA, WATER, ENERGY, SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS, DISASTER MITIGATION AND RESPONSE, and INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY. |
| URL | http://www.e-geo.org/ |
| Accessed | 6. leden 2013 22:04:24 |
| Date Added | 6. leden 2013 22:04:24 |
| Modified | 6. leden 2013 22:37:34 |
| Type | Book |
|---|---|
| Author | Sai Bhaskar Nakka Reddy |
| Place | 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands |
| Publisher | MetaMeta |
| Date | 2012 |
| # of Pages | 159 |
| URL | http://www.metameta.nl/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Understanding-Stoves-okt-10-webversion.pdf |
| Date Added | 6. leden 2013 22:44:53 |
| Modified | 6. leden 2013 22:50:13 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Kelli G. Roberts |
| Author | Brent A. Gloy |
| Author | Stephen Joseph |
| Author | Norman R. Scott |
| Author | Johannes Lehmann |
| Abstract | Biomass pyrolysis with biochar returned to soil is a possible strategy for climate change mitigation and reducing fossil fuel consumption. Pyrolysis with biochar applied to soils results in four coproducts: long-term carbon (C) sequestration from stable C in the biochar, renewable energy generation, biochar as a soil amendment, and biomass waste management. Life cycle assessment was used to estimate the energy and climate change impacts and the economics of biochar systems. The feedstocks analyzed represent agricultural residues (corn stover), yard waste, and switchgrass energy crops. The net energy of the system is greatest with switchgrass (4899 MJ t?1 dry feedstock). The net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for both stover and yard waste are negative, at ?864 and ?885 kg CO2 equivalent (CO2e) emissions reductions per tonne dry feedstock, respectively. Of these total reductions, 62?66% are realized from C sequestration in the biochar. The switchgrass biochar-pyrolysis system can be a net GHG emitter (+36 kg CO2e t?1 dry feedstock), depending on the accounting method for indirect land-use change impacts. The economic viability of the pyrolysis-biochar system is largely dependent on the costs of feedstock production, pyrolysis, and the value of C offsets. Biomass sources that have a need for waste management such as yard waste have the highest potential for economic profitability (+$69 t?1 dry feedstock when CO2e emission reductions are valued at $80 t?1 CO2e). The transportation distance for feedstock creates a significant hurdle to the economic profitability of biochar-pyrolysis systems. Biochar may at present only deliver climate change mitigation benefits and be financially viable as a distributed system using waste biomass. |
| Publication | Environmental Science & Technology |
| Volume | 44 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 827-833 |
| Date | January 15, 2010 |
| Journal Abbr | Environ. Sci. Technol. |
| DOI | 10.1021/es902266r |
| ISSN | 0013-936X |
| Short Title | Life Cycle Assessment of Biochar Systems |
| URL | http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902266r |
| Accessed | 2. leden 2013 22:38:39 |
| Library Catalog | ACS Publications |
| Date Added | 2. leden 2013 22:38:39 |
| Modified | 2. leden 2013 22:38:39 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi |
| Author | Tim J. Clough |
| Author | Robert R. Sherlock |
| Author | Leo M. Condron |
| Abstract | Biochar is produced as a by-product of the low temperature pyrolysis of biomass during bioenergy extraction and its incorporation into soil is of global interest as a potential carbon sequestration tool. Biochar influences soil nitrogen transformations and its capacity to take up ammonia is well recognized. Anthropogenic emissions of ammonia need to be mitigated due to negative environmental impacts and economic losses. Here we use an isotope of nitrogen to show that ammonia-N adsorbed by biochar is stable in ambient air, but readily bioavailable when placed in the soil. When biochars, containing adsorbed 15N labelled ammonia, were incorporated into soil the 15N recovery by roots averaged 6.8% but ranged from 26.1% to 10.9% in leaf tissue due to differing biochar properties with plant 15N recovery greater when acidic biochars were used to capture ammonia. Recovery of 15N as total soil nitrogen (organic+inorganic) ranged from 45% to 29% of 15N applied. We provide a proof of concept for a synergistic mitigation option where anthropogenic ammonia emissions could be captured using biochar, and made bioavailable in soils, thus leading to nitrogen capture by crops, while simultaneously sequestering carbon in soils. |
| Publication | Plant and Soil |
| Volume | 350 |
| Issue | 1-2 |
| Pages | 57-69 |
| Date | 2012/01/01 |
| Journal Abbr | Plant Soil |
| Language | en |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3 |
| ISSN | 0032-079X, 1573-5036 |
| URL | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3 |
| Accessed | 3. leden 2013 12:30:09 |
| Library Catalog | link.springer.com |
| Date Added | 3. leden 2013 12:30:09 |
| Modified | 3. leden 2013 12:30:09 |
| Type | Book |
|---|---|
| Author | F. Verheijen |
| Author | S. Jeffery |
| Author | A. C. Bastos |
| Author | M. van der Velde |
| Author | I. Diafas |
| Volume | EUR 24099 EN |
| Place | Luxembourg |
| Publisher | Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities |
| Date | 2009 |
| # of Pages | 149 |
| ISBN | 978-92-79-14293-2 |
| URL | http://www.et2050.eu/Et2050_Library/docs/tech/environment/Biochar.pdf |
| Date Added | 2. leden 2013 23:26:33 |
| Modified | 2. leden 2013 23:38:32 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Daniel D. Warnock |
| Author | Johannes Lehmann |
| Author | Thomas W. Kuyper |
| Author | Matthias C. Rillig |
| Abstract | Experiments suggest that biomass-derived black carbon (biochar) affects microbial populations and soil biogeochemistry. Both biochar and mycorrhizal associations, ubiquitous symbioses in terrestrial ecosystems, are potentially important in various ecosystem services provided by soils, contributing to sustainable plant production, ecosystem restoration, and soil carbon sequestration and hence mitigation of global climate change. As both biochar and mycorrhizal associations are subject to management, understanding and exploiting interactions between them could be advantageous. Here we focus on biochar effects on mycorrhizal associations. After reviewing the experimental evidence for such effects, we critically examine hypotheses pertaining to four mechanisms by which biochar could influence mycorrhizal abundance and/or functioning. These mechanisms are (in decreasing order of currently available evidence supporting them): (a) alteration of soil physico-chemical properties; (b) indirect effects on mycorrhizae through effects on other soil microbes; (c) plant–fungus signaling interference and detoxification of allelochemicals on biochar; and (d) provision of refugia from fungal grazers. We provide a roadmap for research aimed at testing these mechanistic hypotheses. |
| Publication | Plant and Soil |
| Volume | 300 |
| Issue | 1-2 |
| Pages | 9-20 |
| Date | 2007/11/01 |
| Journal Abbr | Plant Soil |
| Language | en |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11104-007-9391-5 |
| ISSN | 0032-079X, 1573-5036 |
| URL | ftp://ftp.dpvta.uniud.it/peressotti/Biochar/2010/Cornell-Roberts2010-Life%20cycle%20assessment%20of%20biochar%20systems-Estimating%20the%20energetic,%20economic%20and%20climate%20change%20potential.pdf |
| Accessed | 2. leden 2013 22:33:24 |
| Library Catalog | link.springer.com |
| Date Added | 2. leden 2013 22:33:24 |
| Modified | 2. leden 2013 22:39:57 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Peter Winsley |
| Publication | New Zealand Science Review |
| Volume | 64 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 5-10 |
| Date | 2007 |
| ISSN | 0028-8667 |
| URL | http://www.biochar-international.org/images/NZSR64_1_Winsley.pdf |
| Date Added | 2. leden 2013 22:15:16 |
| Modified | 2. leden 2013 22:19:51 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| Author | Dominic Woolf |
| Abstract | The term 'biochar' refers to black carbon formed by the pyrolysis of biomass i.e. by heating biomass in an oxygen-free or low oxygen environment such that it does not (or only partially) combusts. Traditional charcoal is one example of biochar produced from wood. The term 'biochar' is much broader than this however, encompassing black carbon produced from any biomass feedstock. The use of biochar as a soil additive has been proposed as a means to simultaneously mitigate anthropogenic climate change whilst improving agricultural soil fertility. This paper provides a review of what is known about both of these claims and also about the wider environmental implications of the adoption of this process. The intention of this review is not just to summarise current knowledge of the subject, but also to identify gaps in knowledge that require further research. |
| Website Type | Report |
| Date | 2008-01 |
| Short Title | Biochar as a Soil Amendment |
| URL | http://orgprints.org/13268/ |
| Accessed | 2. leden 2013 21:50:01 |
| Date Added | 2. leden 2013 21:50:01 |
| Modified | 2. leden 2013 21:50:01 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | http://biochar.be/biochar/item/current-state-of-biochar-progress.html |
| Accessed | 20. březen 2012 11:21:50 |
| Date Added | 20. březen 2012 11:21:50 |
| Modified | 20. březen 2012 11:21:50 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | http://www.biochar-us.org/forests.html |
| Accessed | 18. červen 2012 12:58:06 |
| Date Added | 18. červen 2012 12:58:06 |
| Modified | 18. červen 2012 12:58:06 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | http://soilbiochar.com/blog/2012/05/5-ways-that-biochar-is-different-from-charcoal/#.T98Kl5iO5ac |
| Accessed | 18. červen 2012 13:10:51 |
| Date Added | 18. červen 2012 13:10:51 |
| Modified | 18. červen 2012 13:10:51 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| Abstract | When forests are logged, managed or selectively trimmed so they’ll be less susceptible to raging fires, there are usually huge piles of stumps, branches and other wood debris left laying on the ground. Now a group of researchers at the University of |
| URL | http://www.science20.com/mara_grunbaum/biochar_blanket_turns_plant_waste_kiln-90311 |
| Accessed | 18. červen 2012 13:11:18 |
| Date Added | 18. červen 2012 13:11:18 |
| Modified | 18. červen 2012 13:11:18 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | https://sites.google.com/site/yarravalleyclimateactiongroup/forest-biomass-derived-biochar-can-profitably-reduce-global-warming-and-bushfire-risk |
| Accessed | 18. červen 2012 17:23:12 |
| Date Added | 18. červen 2012 17:23:12 |
| Modified | 18. červen 2012 17:23:12 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | http://vietnamnews.vnanet.vn/Environment/217322/farmers-go-green-with-waste-fuelled-cooking-stoves.html |
| Accessed | 24. červen 2012 13:05:16 |
| Date Added | 24. červen 2012 13:05:16 |
| Modified | 24. červen 2012 13:05:16 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | http://worldstove.com/about-2/why-pyrolytic-stoves/ |
| Accessed | 24. červen 2012 13:08:31 |
| Date Added | 24. červen 2012 13:08:31 |
| Modified | 24. červen 2012 13:08:31 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| Date | 2009-2012 |
| URL | http://hopebuilding.pbworks.com/w/page/19222881/Waste-burning%20community%20cooker%20solves%20many%20problems%20in%20Kenyan%20slum |
| Accessed | 24. červen 2012 17:17:13 |
| Date Added | 24. červen 2012 17:17:13 |
| Modified | 24. červen 2012 17:19:51 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/04/06/kenya.community.cooker/index.html |
| Accessed | 24. červen 2012 23:01:45 |
| Date Added | 24. červen 2012 23:01:45 |
| Modified | 24. červen 2012 23:01:45 |
| Type | Encyclopedia Article |
|---|---|
| Abstract | Carbon sequestration by terrestrial ecosystems is the net removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere or the avoidance of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (CO2) emissions from terrestrial ecosystems. The removal process includes CO2 uptake from the atmosphere by all chlorophyllous plants, through photosynthesis. This C is stored as plant biomass (in the trunks, branches, leaves and roots of the plants) and organic matter in the soil (IPCC 2000[1]). The terrestrial carbon sequestrations depend on land use practices and different ecosystem conditions that sustain established vegetation over longer periods. |
| Encyclopedia Title | Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| Date | 2012-10-01T17:12:09Z |
| URL | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Carbon_sequestration_in_terrestrial_ecosystems&… |
| Accessed | 20. říjen 2012 16:29:42 |
| Language | en |
| Library Catalog | Wikipedia |
| Rights | Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License |
| Extra | Page Version ID: 513403797 |
| Date Added | 20. říjen 2012 16:29:42 |
| Modified | 20. říjen 2012 16:29:42 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | http://www.sibg.org.pl/index.php? id_dzial=121 |
| Accessed | 2. leden 2013 23:17:54 |
| Date Added | 2. leden 2013 23:17:54 |
| Modified | 2. leden 2013 23:18:43 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | http://ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/hem/? page_id=38h |
| Accessed | 6. leden 2013 19:28:24 |
| Date Added | 6. leden 2013 19:28:24 |
| Modified | 6. leden 2013 23:03:39 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| Abstract | Technology Pyrolysis Technology Represents an improved biomass stove that burns clean and green Thermal Efficiency Not less than 36% Report attached (Received from STARIC Nepal) Average Fir... |
| Website Title | Biochar Stove |
| URL | http://biocharstove.wordpress.com/about/a-technical-profile-2/ |
| Accessed | 6. leden 2013 19:29:38 |
| Date Added | 6. leden 2013 19:29:38 |
| Modified | 6. leden 2013 19:31:09 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | http://www.stoves.bioenergylists.org/ |
| Accessed | 6. leden 2013 19:45:11 |
| Date Added | 6. leden 2013 19:45:11 |
| Modified | 6. leden 2013 19:45:11 |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | https://sites.google.com/a/saibhaskar.com/www/ |
| Accessed | 6. leden 2013 22:43:54 |
| Date Added | 6. leden 2013 22:43:54 |
| Modified | 6. leden 2013 22:43:54 |